Fractures of the tibia and fibula

Mechanism of Injury and Fracture Types

• A bending or twisting force can lead to a transverse or oblique fracture at the same level.

Aim of Treatment for Fractures

• The aim of treatment for fractures is to restore anatomical alignment, achieve bony union, and regain full functional capacity.

Conservative Treatment for Fractures

• Conservative treatment for fractures includes immobilization with a cast or brace, and may include traction or other non-surgical methods.

Indications for Conservative Treatment

• Non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures are indications for conservative treatment.

Indications for Operative Treatment of Fractures

• Displaced fractures, open fractures, or fractures with soft tissue injury are indications for operative treatment.

Fixation for Closed Diaphyseal Fractures

• Intramedullary nailing is a type of fixation used for closed diaphyseal fractures.

Complications of Proximal 1/3 Fractures

• Axillary artery injury can occur in proximal 1/3 fractures and may require vascular repair.

Incidence of Tissue Breakdown and Infection

• The incidence of tissue breakdown and/or infection for Gustilo type IIIC fractures is high.

Late Complications of Fractures

• Osteoarthritis is a late complication of fractures.

Late Treatment for Compartment Syndrome

• Fasciotomy is the late treatment for compartment syndrome in proximal fractures.