Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which open channel cross-section is generally considered the most hydraulically efficient?
Which open channel cross-section is generally considered the most hydraulically efficient?
- Trapezoidal
- Rectangle
- Semicircle (correct)
- Triangle
What flow conditions are characteristic of a hydraulic jump?
What flow conditions are characteristic of a hydraulic jump?
- Steady and nonuniform flow (correct)
- Unsteady and gradually varied flow
- Steady and uniform flow
- Unsteady and uniform flow
A hydraulic jump is observed in a rectangular channel. What transition in flow depth characterizes this phenomenon?
A hydraulic jump is observed in a rectangular channel. What transition in flow depth characterizes this phenomenon?
- From above critical depth to below critical depth
- From below critical depth to above critical depth (correct)
- From above normal depth to below normal depth
- From below normal depth to above normal depth
In a gradually varied flow, how are the slopes of the energy grade line (EGL), hydraulic grade line (HGL), and channel bottom typically related when friction losses are significant?
In a gradually varied flow, how are the slopes of the energy grade line (EGL), hydraulic grade line (HGL), and channel bottom typically related when friction losses are significant?
Backwater computations are most applicable to which type of flow?
Backwater computations are most applicable to which type of flow?
What is the typical initial condition of the Froude number ($Fr$) before a hydraulic jump occurs?
What is the typical initial condition of the Froude number ($Fr$) before a hydraulic jump occurs?
In open channel flow, what does the term 'normal depth' refer to?
In open channel flow, what does the term 'normal depth' refer to?
A wide rectangular channel experiences a hydraulic jump. If the depth before the jump is 0.3 m and the depth after the jump is 1.2 m, estimate the initial Froude number ($Fr_1$) before the jump using the momentum equation approximation for hydraulic jumps.
A wide rectangular channel experiences a hydraulic jump. If the depth before the jump is 0.3 m and the depth after the jump is 1.2 m, estimate the initial Froude number ($Fr_1$) before the jump using the momentum equation approximation for hydraulic jumps.
Which of the following best describes how gradually varied flow (GVF) profiles are classified?
Which of the following best describes how gradually varied flow (GVF) profiles are classified?
In the context of open channel flow, what is the primary characteristic of critical flow?
In the context of open channel flow, what is the primary characteristic of critical flow?
Flashcards
What is a hydraulic jump?
What is a hydraulic jump?
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in open channel flow where there is a sudden transition from a supercritical flow (high velocity, shallow depth) to a subcritical flow (low velocity, greater depth).
What type of flow is hydraulic jump?
What type of flow is hydraulic jump?
A hydraulic jump involves unsteady and nonuniform flow.
Hydraulic jump depth transition:
Hydraulic jump depth transition:
A hydraulic jump always occurs from below critical depth (supercritical flow) to above critical depth (subcritical flow).
What is gradually varied flow?
What is gradually varied flow?
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Slopes in gradually varied flow:
Slopes in gradually varied flow:
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Study Notes
- The best hydraulic section of open channel cross-sections is trapezoidal.
Hydraulic Jump
- A hydraulic jump involves steady flow and non-uniform flow
- Therefore answer b) (i) and (iv) is correct.
- A hydraulic jump always occurs from below critical depth to above critical depth.
Gradually Varied Flow
- In gradually varied flow, the slopes of the energy grade line, hydraulic grade line, and bottom of the channel are the same.
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