Lecture 2B

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of FSH on granulosa cells?

To stimulate LH release

To inhibit estrogen synthesis

To synthesize testosterone

To increase the population of granulosa cells (correct)

What is the role of LH in the regulation of oocyte maturation?

To act on the theca cells to produce testosterone (correct)

To regulate the formation of the antrum

To inhibit the release of FSH

To stimulate the synthesis of estrogen in granulosa cells

What is the result of the feedback regulation exerted by estrogen on the pituitary gland?

Suppression of granulosa cell growth

Inhibition of FSH release

Stimulation of LH release (correct)

Activation of theca cell differentiation

What is the purpose of the aromatase enzyme in the granulosa cells?

To convert testosterone to estrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the tertiary follicle?

Presence of a well-developed antrum and a thick layer of granulosa cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone that regulates the growth of the oocyte and the formation of follicle cells?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the theca cells in the regulation of oocyte maturation?

To produce testosterone in response to LH Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of the cyclical hormonal activity on the oocyte and follicle cells?

Growth and maturation of the oocyte and follicle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of estrogen in the female reproductive activity?

To regulate the growth and maturation of the oocyte and follicle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between FSH and LH in the regulation of oocyte maturation?

FSH stimulates LH release Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the LH peak in the menstrual cycle?

Release of the Graafian follicle from the ovary Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of oocyte development does meiosis I occur?

Graafian follicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cavity filled with liquid in the Graafian follicle?

Antrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the degenerating corpus luteum?

It gets incorporated as connective tissue of the ovary Signup and view all the answers

How many Graafian follicles are released from the ovary per month?

One follicle Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of oocyte development is meiosis II arrested?

Metaphase II of the secondary oocyte Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormonal Control of Oocyte Maturation

Hormonal control of oocyte maturation sets in with the onset of puberty, when the primary oocyte transforms into the secondary follicle.
Folliculogenesis, the formation of granulosa cells around the oocyte, is coupled with oogenesis, the growth of the oocyte.

Role of Gonadotropic Hormones

Gonadotropic hormones, specifically FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone), are produced with the onset of puberty.
FSH targets granulosa cells, stimulating them to increase in number, which in turn leads to an increase in estrogen levels.
The higher the FSH stimulation, the greater the increase in granulosa cells and estrogen levels.
Estrogen levels then activate a feedback regulation on the pituitary gland, stimulating the release of LH.

Role of LH

LH is released at lower levels than FSH and is activated by the levels of estrogen released by the granulosa cells.
LH acts on theca cells, stimulating the synthesis and secretion of testosterone.
Testosterone is converted into estrogen by an aromatase enzyme and a cyclic AMP generating system.
The increased estrogen levels further stimulate the release of LH, creating a cyclical hormonal activity.

Maturation and Growth of the Oocyte

The maturation and growth of the oocyte, along with the formation of follicle cells, are governed by the interplay of hormones: FSH, LH, and estrogen.
The FSH acts on the granulosa cells, which then secrete and synthesize estrogen.
The estrogen, in turn, stimulates the release of LH, which acts on the theca cells to synthesize and secrete testosterone.

Sequence of Follicle Maturation

At birth, all female mammals have primary oocytes in their ovaries, which go through various stages of maturation.
Only one primordial follicle completes maturation up to the Graafian follicle per month, becoming the secondary oocyte released at ovulation.
The process of releasing the secondary oocyte from the ovary is ovulation, which occurs at the middle of the month.

Post-Ovulation

After ovulation, the antrum (cavity filled with liquid) releases its liquid, crumpling into a shrunken structure called the corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum undergoes further crenation, eventually degenerating into a corpus albicans, which is incorporated into the connective tissue of the ovary.

Difference between Atretic Follicle and Corpus Luteum

Corpus Luteum: bigger size, distinct membrana granulosa, and thicker theca externa and interna.
Atretic Follicle: undifferentiated wall.

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Description

This quiz covers the hormonal control of oocyte maturation, focusing on the growth of oocytes and granulosa cells during folliculogenesis. It explores the role of hormones during puberty in the formation of primary follicles.