One Health Initiatives Overview

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Questions and Answers

What defines an emerging infectious disease?

A disease that has been eradicated and is now reappearing

A disease that is primarily caused by environmental factors

A disease recognized for the first time or showing increased incidence (correct)

A disease that only affects animals and not humans

Which of the following best describes zoonosis?

A disease that can be transmitted between humans and non-human animals (correct)

A disease that can be transmitted from one human to another

A pathogen that only affects non-human animals

A disease caused solely by environmental changes

What is the main characteristic of a communicable disease?

It can be transmitted directly or indirectly between individuals (correct)

It cannot be spread through physical contact

It is a disease that only exists in one geographical area

It is only caused by environmental factors

What is the main difference between food safety and food security?

Food safety relates to preventing disease from food, while food security focuses on producing enough food. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'spillover' refer to in infectious diseases?

When a pathogen is transmitted from a reservoir to a new species Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about pathogens is accurate?

Pathogens can exist without causing any diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the transdisciplinary approach in One Health?

It requires professionals from various fields to work collaboratively for health outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What role do modern zoos play in relation to biodiversity?

They contribute to the preservation and education about diverse species. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of sustainability is emphasized in the systems thinking and complexity approach?

Understanding emergent properties of systems that are difficult to predict. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Wild Animal Protection Ordinance enacted on 1st August 2024?

It provides legal protection to wild animals in order to prevent hunting and exploitation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of biosecurity measures?

To prevent or restrict the spread of pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for understanding system behavior according to the defined system approach?

Identifying feedback loops and patterns of events Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'leverage points' refer to in a system?

Points where small changes can lead to significant impacts Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is primarily linked to the transmission of Canine Distemper to lions in the Serengeti?

Hyenas Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the 'One Health' approach?

Integrating health across human, animal, and ecosystem domains Signup and view all the answers

Which process refers to the body developing memory in response to pathogens?

Immunisation Signup and view all the answers

How does the threat of uncertainty in a system potentially impact decision-making?

It can hinder effective decision-making processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'foresight' in the context of systems thinking?

Application of futures thinking methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of human development?

Expanding individual choices and opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of equity involve?

Providing different levels of support to achieve equal outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which approach integrates knowledge from various disciplines while maintaining their boundaries?

Multidisciplinary approach Signup and view all the answers

Critical reflexivity is best described as which of the following?

Evaluating one's own beliefs and values Signup and view all the answers

Sustainability refers to the ability to be maintained at what?

A certain rate or level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines an ecosystem?

The interaction of living organisms and inorganic factors in a region Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a transdisciplinary approach?

Creating a new conceptual framework that transcends traditional disciplines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes inclusivity?

Making everyone feel welcome and valued Signup and view all the answers

Critical thinking primarily involves which of the following?

Evaluating information and objectively assessing ideas Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental aspect of a multidisciplinary approach?

Addressing a common topic while respecting disciplinary boundaries Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to One Health Initiatives (OHI)

One Health integrates human, animal, and environmental health.
Historical approaches have evolved to recognize interconnected systems.
Key principles emphasize collaboration, coordination, and communication across disciplines for transformative outcomes.

Global Context and Food Systems

Food safety ensures food does not harm consumers.
Food security aims for adequate food production, preventing undernutrition.
Food quality focuses on producing nutritious and consumer-acceptable food.

Animal Disease Control

Companion animals fulfill emotional, behavioral, and social needs of humans.
Maintaining sustainability, biodiversity, and environmental health is crucial for future ecosystems.

Wild & Stray Animal Management

Hong Kong recognizes six common wild & stray species along with their associated diseases.
The Wild Animal Protection Ordinance effective from August 2024 aims to protect local wildlife.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases upon host colonization.
Infection refers to the multiplication of pathogens within a host or population.
Zoonosis involves diseases that can transfer between humans and animals.
Emerging infectious diseases are newly recognized or evolved diseases that show increased incidence or geographical spread.
Re-emerging diseases are those that have previously declined but resurface.

Spillover Effects

Spillover occurs when pathogens transmit from reservoirs to new species, leading to disease.
Notable examples include SARS-CoV-2 transmission mechanisms involving bats and pangolins.
Canine distemper shows transmission dynamics between wild dogs and other species, affecting populations.

Biosecurity and Immunization

Biosecurity encompasses strategies to prevent pathogen spread.
Immunization helps the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens in the future.

System Thinking and Complexity

A system consists of interconnected elements organized to produce specific behaviors.
Stocks refer to accumulations within the system; flow indicates changes over time.
Feedback loops can influence conditions within the system.
Understanding system behavior relies on identifying repeating event patterns.

Foresight and Futures Thinking

Foresight employs methods to anticipate future scenarios and outcomes, utilizing tools like the Futures Wheel.

Glossary of Key Terms

One Health: An integrative approach that balances health across people, animals, and ecosystems.
Sustainability: Ability to maintain processes over time.
Ecosystem: Interaction of living organisms and their environment.
Equity, Equality, and Inclusivity: Concepts related to rights, opportunities, and community value.
Development: Growth and advancement in changing contexts, focusing on human enhancement.
Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary: Collaboration across boundaries versus integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines.
Transdisciplinary: Development of a new framework beyond traditional disciplinary confines.
Critical Thinking: Objective evaluation of information and arguments.
Critical Reflexivity: Self-assessment of personal beliefs and values.

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Description

Explore the multifaceted approach of One Health initiatives, which integrates the health of humans, animals, and the environment. This quiz covers global food systems, animal disease control, and the management of wild and stray animals, highlighting their interconnectedness and the importance of collaboration across disciplines.