One Health Approach Overview

One Health Approach

• Aims for better health outcomes for humans, animals, and the environment
• Recognizes the interconnectedness of health issues
• Implemented in 2004
• A way to protect all

Organizations

• World Health Organization (WHO)
  • Focuses on human health, especially disease prevention and control
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
  • Addresses food security, agricultural sustainability, and zoonotic diseases related to livestock and food production
• World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
  • Specializes in animal health to prevent diseases spreading to humans
• United Nations Development Programme (UNEP)
  • Focuses on environmental factors impacting human and animal health, like pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss

Zoonotic Diseases

• Diseases that transmit from animals to humans
• Examples include Dengue, Ebola, Flu-viruses, and Rabies

Zoonosis

• Infectious diseases that originated in non-human animals and jumped to humans
• 60% of existing and 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic

Antimicrobial Resistance

• Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) developing resistance to antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics)
• Scope covers all microorganisms and various antimicrobial drugs
• Examples of antibiotic resistances include MDR-TB, drug-resistant malaria, and fungal infections (e.g., Candida auris)

Antibiotic Resistance

• Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics making it harder to treat infections
• Overused/misused antibiotics, overuse, lack of good infection control lead to resistance against antibiotics
• Examples include Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli resistant to multiple antibiotics, and Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

Causes of Antibiotic Resistance

• Overprescription
• Overuse
• Misuse (not taking as prescribed)
• Unnecessary agricultural use
• Poor infection control in hospitals/clinics
• Lack of rapid laboratory testing

Related SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-Being

• Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
• Well-being includes freedom to choose, do what you value
• Wellness includes holistic integration of physical, mental and spiritual well-being

8 Dimensions of Wellness

• Emotional
• Financial
• Social
• Spiritual
• Occupational
• Physical
• Intellectual

Environmental Health Hazards

• Health challenges presented by various hazards, including chemical hazards (pollution, human-made products), natural hazards (natural disasters), cultural hazards (unsafe work environments, poor living conditions, violence), and lifestyle hazards (poor food choices, drug use)
• Biological hazards include agents capable of causing disease (bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses)

Infectious Diseases

• Diseases that are transmissible/communicable and spread from one organism to another
• Non-infectious diseases are not transmissible

Bacterial Infections/Diseases

• Bacterial infections/diseases are non-contagious
• Single-celled organisms and target localized body parts

Viral Infections

• Viral infections are contagious and target the whole body system
• Viruses invade the genetic machinery of a cell and replicates throughout the body
• Examples include COVID, Colds, UTI, STI/STD, Pneumonia, and Tuberculosis

Difference of Virus and Bacteria

• Bacteria are single-celled organisms and can survive on their own (inside or outside organisms)
• Viruses need a host cell to survive and multiply

Pathogens (Ways How to Get Them)

• Pets, livestock, wild animals, insects, water, food, air, and genetics

Number of Cases (per disease)

• Pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, Measles, Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Hepatitis B are listed with various case counts

Why are Less Developed Areas Susceptible to Infectious Diseases?

• Lack of healthcare systems, limited treatment resources, and dense population may contribute to higher susceptibility

Outbreak, Epidemics, and Pandemics

• An outbreak is limited to a geographic area
• An epidemic expands to larger areas
• A pandemic is worldwide

Top 10 Causes of Death Worldwide

• Heart disease, cancer, stroke, lower respiratory infections, COPD, diarrhea diseases, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, preterm complications, and road injuries

Top 10 Causes of Death in Philippines

• Heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, pneumonia, diabetes, chronic lower respiratory disease, tuberculosis, nephritis, hypertension, and preterm complications

SDG, Good Health, and Well-being Relationship

• Achieving the SDG on good health and wellbeing is difficult due to numerous factors

COVID-19

• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2)
• Originated in Wuhan, China
• First case recorded in Wuhan

Timeline of COVID-19

• A timeline outlining key events and milestones of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the first case, declarations, vaccine trials, and subsequent variants

Explore the One Health Approach, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. This quiz covers the key organizations involved, such as WHO, FAO, and OIE, and examines the impact of zoonotic diseases on public health. Learn how these organizations collaborate to promote better health outcomes globally.