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Questions and Answers
What is the primary aim of the One Health approach?
What is the primary aim of the One Health approach?
Which organization is focused specifically on preventing and controlling diseases that affect humans?
Which organization is focused specifically on preventing and controlling diseases that affect humans?
What term is used to describe diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans?
What term is used to describe diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans?
What does antimicrobial resistance refer to?
What does antimicrobial resistance refer to?
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What kind of diseases are known as zoonoses?
What kind of diseases are known as zoonoses?
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Which example illustrates antibiotic resistance?
Which example illustrates antibiotic resistance?
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What percentage of emerging diseases are estimated to be zoonotic in nature?
What percentage of emerging diseases are estimated to be zoonotic in nature?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding antibiotic resistance?
Which of the following statements is true regarding antibiotic resistance?
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Which of the following is a cause of antibiotic resistance?
Which of the following is a cause of antibiotic resistance?
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What is NOT considered a dimension of wellness?
What is NOT considered a dimension of wellness?
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Which category of health hazards includes unsafe working conditions?
Which category of health hazards includes unsafe working conditions?
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Which type of disease is characterized as non-contagious?
Which type of disease is characterized as non-contagious?
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What is the primary method of prevention for viral infections?
What is the primary method of prevention for viral infections?
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Which statement accurately describes a bacterial infection?
Which statement accurately describes a bacterial infection?
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Which of the following best defines a non-transmissible disease?
Which of the following best defines a non-transmissible disease?
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Which health challenge is typically influenced by personal lifestyle choices?
Which health challenge is typically influenced by personal lifestyle choices?
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What distinguishes bacteria from viruses in terms of their survival?
What distinguishes bacteria from viruses in terms of their survival?
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Which factor contributes to the susceptibility of less developed areas to infectious diseases?
Which factor contributes to the susceptibility of less developed areas to infectious diseases?
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What term is used for a rapid spread of a disease in a limited geographic area?
What term is used for a rapid spread of a disease in a limited geographic area?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a top cause of death worldwide?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a top cause of death worldwide?
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Which disease had the highest reported number of cases in the list provided?
Which disease had the highest reported number of cases in the list provided?
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The term pandemic refers to a disease that has:
The term pandemic refers to a disease that has:
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What is a significant reason why the Sustainable Development Goal on Good Health and Well-Being has not yet been achieved?
What is a significant reason why the Sustainable Development Goal on Good Health and Well-Being has not yet been achieved?
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What is the name of the virus responsible for COVID-19?
What is the name of the virus responsible for COVID-19?
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Study Notes
One Health Approach
- Aims for better health outcomes for humans, animals, and the environment
- Recognizes the interconnectedness of health issues
- Implemented in 2004
- A way to protect all
Organizations
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- Focuses on human health, especially disease prevention and control
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- Addresses food security, agricultural sustainability, and zoonotic diseases related to livestock and food production
- World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
- Specializes in animal health to prevent diseases spreading to humans
- United Nations Development Programme (UNEP)
- Focuses on environmental factors impacting human and animal health, like pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss
Zoonotic Diseases
- Diseases that transmit from animals to humans
- Examples include Dengue, Ebola, Flu-viruses, and Rabies
Zoonosis
- Infectious diseases that originated in non-human animals and jumped to humans
- 60% of existing and 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic
Antimicrobial Resistance
- Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) developing resistance to antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics)
- Scope covers all microorganisms and various antimicrobial drugs
- Examples of antibiotic resistances include MDR-TB, drug-resistant malaria, and fungal infections (e.g., Candida auris)
Antibiotic Resistance
- Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics making it harder to treat infections
- Overused/misused antibiotics, overuse, lack of good infection control lead to resistance against antibiotics
- Examples include Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli resistant to multiple antibiotics, and Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
Causes of Antibiotic Resistance
- Overprescription
- Overuse
- Misuse (not taking as prescribed)
- Unnecessary agricultural use
- Poor infection control in hospitals/clinics
- Lack of rapid laboratory testing
Related SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-Being
- Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
- Well-being includes freedom to choose, do what you value
- Wellness includes holistic integration of physical, mental and spiritual well-being
8 Dimensions of Wellness
- Emotional
- Financial
- Social
- Spiritual
- Occupational
- Physical
- Intellectual
Environmental Health Hazards
- Health challenges presented by various hazards, including chemical hazards (pollution, human-made products), natural hazards (natural disasters), cultural hazards (unsafe work environments, poor living conditions, violence), and lifestyle hazards (poor food choices, drug use)
- Biological hazards include agents capable of causing disease (bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses)
Infectious Diseases
- Diseases that are transmissible/communicable and spread from one organism to another
- Non-infectious diseases are not transmissible
Bacterial Infections/Diseases
- Bacterial infections/diseases are non-contagious
- Single-celled organisms and target localized body parts
Viral Infections
- Viral infections are contagious and target the whole body system
- Viruses invade the genetic machinery of a cell and replicates throughout the body
- Examples include COVID, Colds, UTI, STI/STD, Pneumonia, and Tuberculosis
Difference of Virus and Bacteria
- Bacteria are single-celled organisms and can survive on their own (inside or outside organisms)
- Viruses need a host cell to survive and multiply
Pathogens (Ways How to Get Them)
- Pets, livestock, wild animals, insects, water, food, air, and genetics
Number of Cases (per disease)
- Pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, Measles, Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Hepatitis B are listed with various case counts
Why are Less Developed Areas Susceptible to Infectious Diseases?
- Lack of healthcare systems, limited treatment resources, and dense population may contribute to higher susceptibility
Outbreak, Epidemics, and Pandemics
- An outbreak is limited to a geographic area
- An epidemic expands to larger areas
- A pandemic is worldwide
Top 10 Causes of Death Worldwide
- Heart disease, cancer, stroke, lower respiratory infections, COPD, diarrhea diseases, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, preterm complications, and road injuries
Top 10 Causes of Death in Philippines
- Heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, pneumonia, diabetes, chronic lower respiratory disease, tuberculosis, nephritis, hypertension, and preterm complications
SDG, Good Health, and Well-being Relationship
- Achieving the SDG on good health and wellbeing is difficult due to numerous factors
COVID-19
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2)
- Originated in Wuhan, China
- First case recorded in Wuhan
Timeline of COVID-19
- A timeline outlining key events and milestones of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the first case, declarations, vaccine trials, and subsequent variants
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Description
Explore the One Health Approach, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. This quiz covers the key organizations involved, such as WHO, FAO, and OIE, and examines the impact of zoonotic diseases on public health. Learn how these organizations collaborate to promote better health outcomes globally.
