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Questions and Answers
Which organ is the primary site for drug metabolism?
Which organ is the primary site for drug metabolism?
- Intestinal mucosa
- Lungs
- Liver (correct)
- Plasma
What are the two phases into which the metabolic process is divided?
What are the two phases into which the metabolic process is divided?
- Primary Phase and Secondary Phase
- Phase 1 and Phase 2 (correct)
- Early Phase and Late Phase
- Initial Phase and Final Phase
What factors can affect drug metabolism?
What factors can affect drug metabolism?
- Age, gender, diet, environment, disease, other drugs (correct)
- Geographic location, occupation, income level
- Blood type, hair color, height, weight
- Exercise habits, social habits, education level
What is the Hepatic First Pass Effect?
What is the Hepatic First Pass Effect?
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What do Phase I reactions involve?
What do Phase I reactions involve?
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Study Notes
Principles of Drug Action
- Three phases of drug activity: Pharmaceutical, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic
Pharmaceutical Phase
- Involves solid dosage form
- Drug goes through dissolution and disintegration processes
Pharmacokinetic Phase
- Consists of four stages: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
Absorption
- Movement of drug across membranes
- Types of absorption:
- Filtration
- Simple Diffusion
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Active Transport
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Factors affecting absorption:
- pH
- Routes of Administration
- Dosage form
- Blood flow
- Surface area
- Solubility
- Drug Concentration
- Presence of Food in the Stomach
Distribution
- Transportation of drug in body fluids to various tissues
- Factors affecting distribution:
- Blood flow
- Binding to Plasma Protein
- Tissue Binding
- Lipid Solubility
- Distribution barriers:
- Blood Brain Barrier
- Placenta
- Lipid Solubility of the Drug
Metabolism
- Process that chemically inactivates a drug
- Converts drug to a more water-soluble compound for excretion
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