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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between CSS drugs and CSNS drugs?
What is the primary difference between CSS drugs and CSNS drugs?
- CSS drugs kill only cancer-specific cells, while CSNS drugs kill all cells. (correct)
- CSS drugs are used for cancer prevention, while CSNS drugs are used for cancer treatment.
- CSS drugs are used for chronic diseases, while CSNS drugs are used for acute diseases.
- CSS drugs are used for targeted therapy, while CSNS drugs are used for chemotherapy.
What is the term for a group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor?
What is the term for a group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor?
- Extravasation
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes (correct)
- Myelosuppression
- Cachexia
What is the phase of the cell cycle where cell reproduction occurs?
What is the phase of the cell cycle where cell reproduction occurs?
- S
- G0
- G1
- M (correct)
What is the term for antineoplastic drugs that are cytotoxic in any phase of the cell cycle?
What is the term for antineoplastic drugs that are cytotoxic in any phase of the cell cycle?
What is the term for hair loss as a result of chemotherapy?
What is the term for hair loss as a result of chemotherapy?
What is the term for the lowest point of WBC count during treatment?
What is the term for the lowest point of WBC count during treatment?
What is the term for the leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration?
What is the term for the leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration?
What is the term for drugs that inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction?
What is the term for drugs that inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction?
What is the term for natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant?
What is the term for natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant?
What is the primary goal of implementing neutropenic precautions?
What is the primary goal of implementing neutropenic precautions?
What is the purpose of giving antiemetics 30 to 60 minutes before chemotherapy?
What is the purpose of giving antiemetics 30 to 60 minutes before chemotherapy?
Why are women of childbearing age advised to use a non-drug form of contraception during chemotherapy?
Why are women of childbearing age advised to use a non-drug form of contraception during chemotherapy?
What is the primary goal of antineoplastic therapy?
What is the primary goal of antineoplastic therapy?
What is the purpose of monitoring for therapeutic responses to antineoplastic therapies?
What is the purpose of monitoring for therapeutic responses to antineoplastic therapies?
What is the main difference between alkylating drugs and hormonal drugs?
What is the main difference between alkylating drugs and hormonal drugs?
What is the purpose of neutropenic precautions?
What is the purpose of neutropenic precautions?
What is the term for the lowest point of WBC count during treatment?
What is the term for the lowest point of WBC count during treatment?
What is the term for the risk of potential nausea and vomiting associated with antineoplastic therapy?
What is the term for the risk of potential nausea and vomiting associated with antineoplastic therapy?
What is the term for the leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during intravenous administration?
What is the term for the leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during intravenous administration?
What is the purpose of giving folic acid to patients receiving antineoplastic therapy?
What is the purpose of giving folic acid to patients receiving antineoplastic therapy?
What is the primary goal of administering antineoplastic therapies?
What is the primary goal of administering antineoplastic therapies?
What is the purpose of hormonal therapy?
What is the purpose of hormonal therapy?
What is a common side effect of alkylating drugs?
What is a common side effect of alkylating drugs?
Why is it important to monitor for anaphylactic reactions during chemotherapy?
Why is it important to monitor for anaphylactic reactions during chemotherapy?
What is the purpose of cytoprotective drugs?
What is the purpose of cytoprotective drugs?
Why is it important to monitor for infections during chemotherapy?
Why is it important to monitor for infections during chemotherapy?
What is the purpose of neutropenic precautions during chemotherapy?
What is the purpose of neutropenic precautions during chemotherapy?
What should be reported to the healthcare provider during chemotherapy?
What should be reported to the healthcare provider during chemotherapy?
What should be monitored during chemotherapy?
What should be monitored during chemotherapy?
What should be provided to patients during chemotherapy?
What should be provided to patients during chemotherapy?
CSNS drugs are cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase.
CSNS drugs are cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase.
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a direct result of the spread of a cancerous tumor.
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a direct result of the spread of a cancerous tumor.
Antimetabolites inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction.
Antimetabolites inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction.
Mitotic inhibitors are used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies.
Mitotic inhibitors are used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies.
Folate antagonists are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Folate antagonists are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Stomatitis is a common side effect of chemotherapy, characterized by hair loss.
Stomatitis is a common side effect of chemotherapy, characterized by hair loss.
Extravasation can result in permanent damage to nerves, tendons, and muscles, but not loss of limbs.
Extravasation can result in permanent damage to nerves, tendons, and muscles, but not loss of limbs.
Hormonal therapy is used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men only.
Hormonal therapy is used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men only.
Alkylating drugs alter the chemical structure of the cells to prevent cancer cells from reproducing.
Alkylating drugs alter the chemical structure of the cells to prevent cancer cells from reproducing.
Cytotoxic antibiotics are used to treat severe cases of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Cytotoxic antibiotics are used to treat severe cases of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Antiemetics are often given 30 to 60 minutes before chemotherapy to reduce nausea and vomiting.
Antiemetics are often given 30 to 60 minutes before chemotherapy to reduce nausea and vomiting.
Nursing implications during chemotherapy include providing oral care to prevent stomatitis.
Nursing implications during chemotherapy include providing oral care to prevent stomatitis.
Bicalutamide is an antineoplastic hormone used to treat male-specific neoplasms.
Bicalutamide is an antineoplastic hormone used to treat male-specific neoplasms.
Estramustine is used to treat female-specific neoplasms.
Estramustine is used to treat female-specific neoplasms.
Cisplatin is an example of an alkylating drug.
Cisplatin is an example of an alkylating drug.
Match the following nursing implications during chemotherapy with their respective actions:
Match the following nursing implications during chemotherapy with their respective actions:
Match the following antineoplastic drugs with their respective effects:
Match the following antineoplastic drugs with their respective effects:
Match the following patient education with their respective antineoplastic drugs:
Match the following patient education with their respective antineoplastic drugs:
Match the following monitoring with their respective purposes during chemotherapy:
Match the following monitoring with their respective purposes during chemotherapy:
Match the following antineoplastic therapies with their respective uses:
Match the following antineoplastic therapies with their respective uses:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following chemotherapy terms with their definitions:
Match the following chemotherapy terms with their definitions:
Match the following antineoplastic drugs with their descriptions:
Match the following antineoplastic drugs with their descriptions:
Match the following nursing implications with their descriptions:
Match the following nursing implications with their descriptions:
Match the following chemotherapy complications with their descriptions:
Match the following chemotherapy complications with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
CSS Drugs vs CSNS
- CSS drugs kill only cancer-specific cells
- CSNS drugs kill all cells
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- A group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor
- May be the first sign of malignancy
- Cachexia (most common): fatigue, fever, weight loss
Cell Growth Cycle
- G0: resting phase
- G1: first gap phase
- S: synthesis phase
- G2: second gap phase
- M: mitosis phase (cell reproduction)
Chemotherapy
- Pharmacologic treatment of cancer
- Antineoplastic drugs: divided into two groups based on where in the cellular life cycle they work
- Cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS): cytotoxic in any phase of the cycle
- Cell cycle-specific (CCS): cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase
Chemotherapy Terms
- Dose-limiting adverse effects: GI tract and bone marrow
- Alopecia: hair loss
- Emetic potential: risk of nausea and vomiting
- Prevention: serve smaller, more frequent meals; give medication for nausea and vomiting; collaborate with dietician
- Myelosuppression: bone marrow suppression (BMS)
- Nadir: lowest point of WBC during treatment
- Extravasation: leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration
Antimetabolites
- Inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction
- Folate (folic acid) antagonists: methotrexate (MTX), pemetrexed, pralatrexate
- Also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis
- In women of reproductive age: educate on the use of birth control
Mitotic Inhibitors
- Natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant
- Intravenous use only: fatal if given intrathecally (spinal route)
- Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies
- Examples: cabazitaxel (jevtana), Eribulin (Halaven)
Alkylating Drugs
- Examples: cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine
- Preventing cancer cells from reproducing
- Alter the chemical structure of the cells
Hormonal Drugs
- Used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men and women
- Hormonal therapy used to oppose the effects of hormones
- Block the body's sex hormone receptors
- Used most commonly as adjuvant and palliative therapy
Hormonal Drugs for Male-Specific Neoplasms
- Antiandrogens: bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide
- Antineoplastic hormone: estramustine
Nursing Implications
- Assess baseline blood counts before administering antineoplastic drugs
- Follow specific administration guidelines for each antineoplastic drug
- Monitor for effects on mucous membranes, hair follicles, bone marrow component, and GI tract
- Monitor for complications: stomatitis, altered bowel function, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and inflammation
- Implement measures to monitor for and prevent infection in patients with neutropenia and leukemia
- Implement measures to monitor for and prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia
CSS Drugs vs CSNS Drugs
- CSS drugs kill only cancer-specific cells
- CSNS drugs kill all cells
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- Various group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor
- May be the first sign of malignancy
- Examples: Cachexia (most common), Fatigue, Fever, Weight Loss
Cell Growth Cycle
- G0: Resting Phase
- G1: First Gap Phase
- S: Synthesis Phase
- G2: Second Gap Phase
- M: Mitosis Phase (Cell Reproduction)
Chemotherapy
- Pharmacologic treatment of cancer
- Antineoplastic drugs divided into two groups based on where in the cellular life cycle they work
- Cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS) drugs: Cytotoxic in any phase of the cycle
- Cell cycle-specific (CCS) drugs: Cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase
Chemotherapy Terms
- Dose Limiting Adverse Effects: GI tract and bone marrow
- Alopecia: Hair loss
- Emetic Potential: Risk of potential nausea and vomiting
- Prevention: Serve smaller, more frequent meals, give medication for nausea and vomiting, collaborate with dietician
- Myelosuppression: Bone marrow suppression (BMS), Bone marrow depression
- Nadir: Lowest point of WBC will reach during treatment
- Extravasation: Leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration
Targeted Drug Therapy
- Stomatitis: Ulcers in the mouth
- Prevention of Extravasation: Continuous monitoring of the IV site, stop the infusion immediately and contact the prescriber if suspected
Antimetabolites
- Inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction
- Examples: Folate (folic acid) antagonists, Methotrexate (MTX), Pemetrexed, Pralatrexate
Mitotic Inhibitors
- Natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant
- Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies
- Examples: Cabazitaxel (Jevtana), Eribulin (Halaven), Testicular, small cell lung, breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung cancers, Kaposi's sarcoma
Nursing Implications
- Assess baseline blood counts before administering antineoplastic drugs
- Follow specific administration guidelines for each antineoplastic drug
- Monitor for effects on rapidly dividing cells (both normal and cancer cells)
- Monitor for complications: GI mucous membranes, hair follicles, bone marrow components
- Implement measures to monitor for and prevent infection in patients with neutropenia and leukemia
- Implement measures to monitor for and prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia
Alkylating Drugs
- Examples: Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Mechlorethamine
- Preventing cancer cells from reproducing by altering the chemical structure of the cells
Hormonal Drugs
- Used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men and women
- Examples: Antiandrogens, Estramustine, Tamoxifen
- Patient education: Menopause symptoms up to 5 years of treatment, frequent blood count and liver test must be done
CSS Drugs vs CSNS Drugs
- CSS drugs kill only cancer-specific cells
- CSNS drugs kill all cells
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- Various group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor
- May be the first sign of malignancy
- Examples: Cachexia (most common), Fatigue, Fever, Weight Loss
Cell Growth Cycle
- G0: Resting Phase
- G1: First Gap Phase
- S: Synthesis Phase
- G2: Second Gap Phase
- M: Mitosis Phase (Cell Reproduction)
Chemotherapy
- Pharmacologic treatment of cancer
- Antineoplastic drugs divided into two groups based on where in the cellular life cycle they work
- Cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS) drugs: Cytotoxic in any phase of the cycle
- Cell cycle-specific (CCS) drugs: Cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase
Chemotherapy Terms
- Dose Limiting Adverse Effects: GI tract and bone marrow
- Alopecia: Hair loss
- Emetic Potential: Risk of potential nausea and vomiting
- Prevention: Serve smaller, more frequent meals, give medication for nausea and vomiting, collaborate with dietician
- Myelosuppression: Bone marrow suppression (BMS), Bone marrow depression
- Nadir: Lowest point of WBC will reach during treatment
- Extravasation: Leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration
Targeted Drug Therapy
- Stomatitis: Ulcers in the mouth
- Prevention of Extravasation: Continuous monitoring of the IV site, stop the infusion immediately and contact the prescriber if suspected
Antimetabolites
- Inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction
- Examples: Folate (folic acid) antagonists, Methotrexate (MTX), Pemetrexed, Pralatrexate
Mitotic Inhibitors
- Natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant
- Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies
- Examples: Cabazitaxel (Jevtana), Eribulin (Halaven), Testicular, small cell lung, breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung cancers, Kaposi's sarcoma
Nursing Implications
- Assess baseline blood counts before administering antineoplastic drugs
- Follow specific administration guidelines for each antineoplastic drug
- Monitor for effects on rapidly dividing cells (both normal and cancer cells)
- Monitor for complications: GI mucous membranes, hair follicles, bone marrow components
- Implement measures to monitor for and prevent infection in patients with neutropenia and leukemia
- Implement measures to monitor for and prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia
Alkylating Drugs
- Examples: Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Mechlorethamine
- Preventing cancer cells from reproducing by altering the chemical structure of the cells
Hormonal Drugs
- Used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men and women
- Examples: Antiandrogens, Estramustine, Tamoxifen
- Patient education: Menopause symptoms up to 5 years of treatment, frequent blood count and liver test must be done
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