Chp 45 & 46 test review
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What is the primary difference between CSS drugs and CSNS drugs?

  • CSS drugs kill only cancer-specific cells, while CSNS drugs kill all cells. (correct)
  • CSS drugs are used for cancer prevention, while CSNS drugs are used for cancer treatment.
  • CSS drugs are used for chronic diseases, while CSNS drugs are used for acute diseases.
  • CSS drugs are used for targeted therapy, while CSNS drugs are used for chemotherapy.

    • What is the term for a group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor?

  • Extravasation
  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes (correct)
  • Myelosuppression
  • Cachexia

    • What is the phase of the cell cycle where cell reproduction occurs?

  • S
  • G0
  • G1
  • M (correct)

    • What is the term for antineoplastic drugs that are cytotoxic in any phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>Cell Cycle-Nonspecific (CCNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for hair loss as a result of chemotherapy?

    <p>Alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest point of WBC count during treatment?

    <p>Nadir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for drugs that inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction?

    <p>Antimetabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant?

    <p>Taxanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing neutropenic precautions?

    <p>To prevent infection in patients with neutropenia and leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of giving antiemetics 30 to 60 minutes before chemotherapy?

    <p>To reduce the effects of nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are women of childbearing age advised to use a non-drug form of contraception during chemotherapy?

    <p>To prevent the risk of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of antineoplastic therapy?

    <p>To eliminate cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring for therapeutic responses to antineoplastic therapies?

    <p>To determine the effectiveness of the therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between alkylating drugs and hormonal drugs?

    <p>Alkylating drugs alter the chemical structure of cells, while hormonal drugs block the body's sex hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of neutropenic precautions?

    <p>To prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest point of WBC count during treatment?

    <p>Nadir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the risk of potential nausea and vomiting associated with antineoplastic therapy?

    <p>Emetic potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during intravenous administration?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of giving folic acid to patients receiving antineoplastic therapy?

    <p>To prevent the antagonistic effects of methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of administering antineoplastic therapies?

    <p>To prevent cancer cells from reproducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hormonal therapy?

    <p>To block the body's sex hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of alkylating drugs?

    <p>Bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor for anaphylactic reactions during chemotherapy?

    <p>To keep epinephrine, antihistamines, and anti-inflammatory drugs on hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytoprotective drugs?

    <p>To reduce toxicities associated with antineoplastic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor for infections during chemotherapy?

    <p>To prevent oncologic emergencies, such as infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of neutropenic precautions during chemotherapy?

    <p>To prevent infection in patients with low neutrophil counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be reported to the healthcare provider during chemotherapy?

    <p>All symptoms, no matter how minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored during chemotherapy?

    <p>All of the above, including blood counts, liver function, pulmonary status, cardiovascular status, signs and symptoms of cancer, and lab results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be provided to patients during chemotherapy?

    <p>All of the above, including emotional support, resources for hair loss, well-done food, and oral care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CSNS drugs are cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paraneoplastic syndromes are a direct result of the spread of a cancerous tumor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antimetabolites inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitotic inhibitors are used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Folate antagonists are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stomatitis is a common side effect of chemotherapy, characterized by hair loss.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extravasation can result in permanent damage to nerves, tendons, and muscles, but not loss of limbs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormonal therapy is used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkylating drugs alter the chemical structure of the cells to prevent cancer cells from reproducing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytotoxic antibiotics are used to treat severe cases of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antiemetics are often given 30 to 60 minutes before chemotherapy to reduce nausea and vomiting.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nursing implications during chemotherapy include providing oral care to prevent stomatitis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bicalutamide is an antineoplastic hormone used to treat male-specific neoplasms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estramustine is used to treat female-specific neoplasms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cisplatin is an example of an alkylating drug.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing implications during chemotherapy with their respective actions:

    <p>Keep patient hydrated = Prevent nephrotoxicity Provide oral care = Prevent stomatitis Collaborate with dietician = Provide resources for hair loss No raw foods = Prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following antineoplastic drugs with their respective effects:

    <p>Alkylating drugs = Alter the chemical structure of the cells Cytotoxic antibiotics = Expect bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and stomatitis Hormonal drugs = Used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men and women Methotrexate = Used to treat severe cases of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following patient education with their respective antineoplastic drugs:

    <p>Memic menopause symptoms up to 5 years of treatment = Tamoxifen If you are prescribed this medication, a chest x-ray must be done = Methotrexate Report ringing or roaring in the ears = Cisplatin Report tingling, numbness, or pain in the extremities = Alkylating drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following monitoring with their respective purposes during chemotherapy:

    <p>Monitor for therapeutic responses = Monitor for signs and symptoms of cancer Monitor for anaphylactic reactions = Monitor for oncologic emergencies Monitor for nephrotoxicity = Monitor for expected effects of bone marrow suppression Monitor pulmonary status = Monitor for complications associated with bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following antineoplastic therapies with their respective uses:

    <p>Alkylating drugs = Preventing cancer cells from reproducing Hormonal drugs = Used as adjuvant and palliative therapy Cytotoxic antibiotics = Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies Antiemetics = Used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with antineoplastic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Cachexia = Fatigue, fever, weight loss Cell cycle-specific (CCS) = Drugs that are cytotoxic in any phase of the cell cycle Paraneoplastic syndromes = Various group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor Cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS) = Drugs that are cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chemotherapy terms with their definitions:

    <p>Dose limiting adverse effects = GI tract and bone marrow Myelosuppression = Bone marrow suppression (BMS) Alopecia = Hair loss Emetic potential = The risk of potential nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following antineoplastic drugs with their descriptions:

    <p>Antimetabolites = Inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction Mitotic inhibitors = Natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant Folate antagonists = Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis Alkylating drugs = Drugs that alter the chemical structure of the cells to prevent cancer cells from reproducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing implications with their descriptions:

    <p>Assess baseline blood counts = Before administering antineoplastic drugs Monitor for effects on GI tract = Stomatitis, altered bowel function Implement measures to monitor for infection = In patients with neutropenia and leukemia Monitor for complications of bone marrow components = Dangerously low (life-threatening) blood cell counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chemotherapy complications with their descriptions:

    <p>Stomatitis = Oral inflammation and ulcerations Extravasation = Leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration Myelosuppression = Bone marrow depression Nadir = Lowest point of WBC count during treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CSS Drugs vs CSNS

    • CSS drugs kill only cancer-specific cells
    • CSNS drugs kill all cells

    Paraneoplastic Syndromes

    • A group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor
    • May be the first sign of malignancy
    • Cachexia (most common): fatigue, fever, weight loss

    Cell Growth Cycle

    • G0: resting phase
    • G1: first gap phase
    • S: synthesis phase
    • G2: second gap phase
    • M: mitosis phase (cell reproduction)

    Chemotherapy

    • Pharmacologic treatment of cancer
    • Antineoplastic drugs: divided into two groups based on where in the cellular life cycle they work
    • Cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS): cytotoxic in any phase of the cycle
    • Cell cycle-specific (CCS): cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase

    Chemotherapy Terms

    • Dose-limiting adverse effects: GI tract and bone marrow
    • Alopecia: hair loss
    • Emetic potential: risk of nausea and vomiting
    • Prevention: serve smaller, more frequent meals; give medication for nausea and vomiting; collaborate with dietician
    • Myelosuppression: bone marrow suppression (BMS)
    • Nadir: lowest point of WBC during treatment
    • Extravasation: leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration

    Antimetabolites

    • Inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction
    • Folate (folic acid) antagonists: methotrexate (MTX), pemetrexed, pralatrexate
    • Also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis
    • In women of reproductive age: educate on the use of birth control

    Mitotic Inhibitors

    • Natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant
    • Intravenous use only: fatal if given intrathecally (spinal route)
    • Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies
    • Examples: cabazitaxel (jevtana), Eribulin (Halaven)

    Alkylating Drugs

    • Examples: cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine
    • Preventing cancer cells from reproducing
    • Alter the chemical structure of the cells

    Hormonal Drugs

    • Used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men and women
    • Hormonal therapy used to oppose the effects of hormones
    • Block the body's sex hormone receptors
    • Used most commonly as adjuvant and palliative therapy

    Hormonal Drugs for Male-Specific Neoplasms

    • Antiandrogens: bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide
    • Antineoplastic hormone: estramustine

    Nursing Implications

    • Assess baseline blood counts before administering antineoplastic drugs
    • Follow specific administration guidelines for each antineoplastic drug
    • Monitor for effects on mucous membranes, hair follicles, bone marrow component, and GI tract
    • Monitor for complications: stomatitis, altered bowel function, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and inflammation
    • Implement measures to monitor for and prevent infection in patients with neutropenia and leukemia
    • Implement measures to monitor for and prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia

    CSS Drugs vs CSNS Drugs

    • CSS drugs kill only cancer-specific cells
    • CSNS drugs kill all cells

    Paraneoplastic Syndromes

    • Various group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor
    • May be the first sign of malignancy
    • Examples: Cachexia (most common), Fatigue, Fever, Weight Loss

    Cell Growth Cycle

    • G0: Resting Phase
    • G1: First Gap Phase
    • S: Synthesis Phase
    • G2: Second Gap Phase
    • M: Mitosis Phase (Cell Reproduction)

    Chemotherapy

    • Pharmacologic treatment of cancer
    • Antineoplastic drugs divided into two groups based on where in the cellular life cycle they work
    • Cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS) drugs: Cytotoxic in any phase of the cycle
    • Cell cycle-specific (CCS) drugs: Cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase

    Chemotherapy Terms

    • Dose Limiting Adverse Effects: GI tract and bone marrow
    • Alopecia: Hair loss
    • Emetic Potential: Risk of potential nausea and vomiting
    • Prevention: Serve smaller, more frequent meals, give medication for nausea and vomiting, collaborate with dietician
    • Myelosuppression: Bone marrow suppression (BMS), Bone marrow depression
    • Nadir: Lowest point of WBC will reach during treatment
    • Extravasation: Leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration

    Targeted Drug Therapy

    • Stomatitis: Ulcers in the mouth
    • Prevention of Extravasation: Continuous monitoring of the IV site, stop the infusion immediately and contact the prescriber if suspected

    Antimetabolites

    • Inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction
    • Examples: Folate (folic acid) antagonists, Methotrexate (MTX), Pemetrexed, Pralatrexate

    Mitotic Inhibitors

    • Natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant
    • Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies
    • Examples: Cabazitaxel (Jevtana), Eribulin (Halaven), Testicular, small cell lung, breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung cancers, Kaposi's sarcoma

    Nursing Implications

    • Assess baseline blood counts before administering antineoplastic drugs
    • Follow specific administration guidelines for each antineoplastic drug
    • Monitor for effects on rapidly dividing cells (both normal and cancer cells)
    • Monitor for complications: GI mucous membranes, hair follicles, bone marrow components
    • Implement measures to monitor for and prevent infection in patients with neutropenia and leukemia
    • Implement measures to monitor for and prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia

    Alkylating Drugs

    • Examples: Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Mechlorethamine
    • Preventing cancer cells from reproducing by altering the chemical structure of the cells

    Hormonal Drugs

    • Used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men and women
    • Examples: Antiandrogens, Estramustine, Tamoxifen
    • Patient education: Menopause symptoms up to 5 years of treatment, frequent blood count and liver test must be done

    CSS Drugs vs CSNS Drugs

    • CSS drugs kill only cancer-specific cells
    • CSNS drugs kill all cells

    Paraneoplastic Syndromes

    • Various group of symptoms that cannot be directly attributed to the spread of a cancerous tumor
    • May be the first sign of malignancy
    • Examples: Cachexia (most common), Fatigue, Fever, Weight Loss

    Cell Growth Cycle

    • G0: Resting Phase
    • G1: First Gap Phase
    • S: Synthesis Phase
    • G2: Second Gap Phase
    • M: Mitosis Phase (Cell Reproduction)

    Chemotherapy

    • Pharmacologic treatment of cancer
    • Antineoplastic drugs divided into two groups based on where in the cellular life cycle they work
    • Cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS) drugs: Cytotoxic in any phase of the cycle
    • Cell cycle-specific (CCS) drugs: Cytotoxic during a specific cell cycle phase

    Chemotherapy Terms

    • Dose Limiting Adverse Effects: GI tract and bone marrow
    • Alopecia: Hair loss
    • Emetic Potential: Risk of potential nausea and vomiting
    • Prevention: Serve smaller, more frequent meals, give medication for nausea and vomiting, collaborate with dietician
    • Myelosuppression: Bone marrow suppression (BMS), Bone marrow depression
    • Nadir: Lowest point of WBC will reach during treatment
    • Extravasation: Leaking of antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration

    Targeted Drug Therapy

    • Stomatitis: Ulcers in the mouth
    • Prevention of Extravasation: Continuous monitoring of the IV site, stop the infusion immediately and contact the prescriber if suspected

    Antimetabolites

    • Inhibit cellular growth by interfering with the synthesis or actions of compounds critical to cellular reproduction
    • Examples: Folate (folic acid) antagonists, Methotrexate (MTX), Pemetrexed, Pralatrexate

    Mitotic Inhibitors

    • Natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant
    • Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies
    • Examples: Cabazitaxel (Jevtana), Eribulin (Halaven), Testicular, small cell lung, breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung cancers, Kaposi's sarcoma

    Nursing Implications

    • Assess baseline blood counts before administering antineoplastic drugs
    • Follow specific administration guidelines for each antineoplastic drug
    • Monitor for effects on rapidly dividing cells (both normal and cancer cells)
    • Monitor for complications: GI mucous membranes, hair follicles, bone marrow components
    • Implement measures to monitor for and prevent infection in patients with neutropenia and leukemia
    • Implement measures to monitor for and prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia

    Alkylating Drugs

    • Examples: Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Mechlorethamine
    • Preventing cancer cells from reproducing by altering the chemical structure of the cells

    Hormonal Drugs

    • Used to treat a variety of neoplasms in men and women
    • Examples: Antiandrogens, Estramustine, Tamoxifen
    • Patient education: Menopause symptoms up to 5 years of treatment, frequent blood count and liver test must be done

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    Test your knowledge of cancer treatment drugs, including CSS and CSNS, and the cell growth cycle. Learn about paraneoplastic syndromes and their symptoms.

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