Oncology Overview

Local altered skin integrity caused by radiation therapy.

Anemia due to B12 and folate deficiency, causing large red blood cells.

Includes fatigue, weakness, pallor, and tingling in extremities.

Anemia characterized by smaller red blood cells due to iron deficiency or thalassemia.

Involves iron and vitamin C supplements.

Changes in bowel habits, sores that don't heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, lumps, indigestion, changes in moles, nagging cough.

Aggressive tumors that invade tissues, proliferate quickly, and can metastasize.

Obesity, smoking, alcohol use, red meat consumption; non-modifiable factors include male sex, family history, and IBD.

Symptom management throughout illness, including psychosocial and bereavement support for families.

Care for those with life expectancy of 6 months or less, focused on comfort, not curing the illness.

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, alopecia, mucositis, and altered bowel elimination.

Use antiemetics, assess mouth hygiene, and avoid irritating foods; pre-medicate before treatment.

Assess mouth hygiene, use soft brushes, avoid alcohol mouthwashes, and maintain oral cleanliness.

Monitor for bleeding and infection; apply a sterile dressing.

A cancer resulting in uncontrolled production of immature white blood cells.

Absolute Neutrophil Count; low levels can delay chemotherapy treatment.

Abnormally low ANC leading to higher infection risk.

Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes, usually unilateral.

Lymphoid cancers without Reed-Sternberg cells.

Elevate biopsy site, monitor vitals every 4 hours for 24 hours.

High calorie, high vitamin meals; frequent soft meals encouraged.

Initial treatment for hospitalized patients with infections before specific antibiotics are available.

Nitrofurantoin used to treat urinary tract infections.

Importance of 3-4 L/day fluid intake and adequate calories for infection recovery.

Bladder infections lasting over 3 months, with specific symptoms.

Includes fever, dysuria, nausea, and tender prostate.

Treatment involves alpha blockers like Hytrin and Cardura.

Includes family history, dehydration, obesity, and high protein diet.

Include monitoring urine output and providing stoma care for skin health.

A diet consisting of foods that are soft and non-irritating to the digestive tract.

Hair loss that may occur due to chemotherapy, affecting body image.

Leakage of chemotherapy drugs into surrounding tissue, causing injury.

A condition indicating effective cancer treatment, leading to rapid cell breakdown.

Signs such as no blood return, resistance to flow, pain, burning, and swelling at the IV site.

Discontinue infusion and aspirate remaining drug; apply compresses.

Precautions for patients with weak immune systems to prevent infection.

Fluid intake/IV therapy, diuretics, allopurinol, insulin for potassium control.

Patients who show no symptoms despite having an infection.

An increase in neutrophils, indicating a response to infection.

A urinary tract infection in individuals with risk factors like pregnancy or immunocompromise.

A urinary tract infection that occurs in healthy individuals.

A medication that numbs the bladder and urethra, turning urine red/orange.

An infection of the epididymis often spread from urinary tract infections.

Guidelines including frequent voiding, proper hygiene, and avoiding irritants.

Includes bed rest, elevation of the scrotum, and antibiotics.