Oncology Nursing Management Chapter 16
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of malignant cells?

  • They are not invasive.
  • They have a normal cell shape and structure.
  • They have an uncontrolled growth rate. (correct)
  • They have a controlled growth rate.

    • What is the term for the spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic system?

  • Hematogenous spread
  • Angiogenesis
  • Lymphatic spread (correct)
  • Metastasis

    • What is the goal of primary prevention in cancer care?

  • Reducing cancer risk in healthy people (correct)
  • Managing cancer symptoms
  • Treating cancer once it has developed
  • Detecting cancer at an early stage

    • What is an example of a carcinogenic agent?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angiogenesis?

    <p>The formation of new blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the immune system in cancer development?

    <p>Preventing cancer cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of uncontrolled cell growth in cancer?

    <p>Tissue destruction and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of secondary prevention in cancer care?

    <p>Achieving early diagnosis and intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of bone marrow transplantation in treating hematologic cancers?

    <p>To replace damaged bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone marrow transplantation involves the transfer of bone marrow from one identical twin to another?

    <p>Syngeneic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of bone marrow transplantation?

    <p>Graft-vs.-host disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of secondary prevention in cancer care?

    <p>To identify patients at high cancer risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern when administering chemotherapy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of curative cancer treatment?

    <p>To completely eliminate cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of chemotherapy on the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common nursing diagnosis for patients undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of tumor staging in cancer diagnosis?

    <p>To determine the severity of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of hospice care?

    <p>Improving the patient's quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To cure cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a biopsy in cancer diagnosis?

    <p>To determine the type of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common collaborative problem in patients with cancer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To destroy tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of patient and family education in nursing care of the patient undergoing radiation therapy?

    <p>To include restrictions and precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prophylactic surgery in cancer treatment?

    <p>To prevent cancer development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cancer: Definition and Characteristics

    • Cancer is a disease process that begins with an abnormal cell transformation due to genetic mutation of cellular DNA.
    • Abnormal cells have invasive characteristics, infiltrating other tissues through metastasis.
    • Cancer cells are described as malignant, demonstrating uncontrolled growth that does not follow physiologic demand.

    Malignant Process

    • Cell proliferation: uncontrolled growth with the ability to metastasize and destroy tissue, leading to death.
    • Cell characteristics: presence of tumor-specific antigens, altered shape, structure, and metabolism.
    • Metastasis occurs through lymphatic spread, hematogenous spread, and angiogenesis.

    Carcinogenic Agents and Factors

    • Viruses and bacteria
    • Physical factors: sunlight, radiation, chronic irritation
    • Chemical agents: tobacco, asbestos
    • Genetic and familial factors
    • Diet
    • Hormones
    • Immune system dysregulation

    Primary and Secondary Prevention

    • Primary prevention: reducing cancer risk in healthy people through lifestyle and dietary changes, public and patient education, and avoiding known carcinogens.
    • Secondary prevention: early detection and screening to achieve early diagnosis and intervention.

    Diagnosis of Cancer

    • Diagnostic tests: various types, including tumor staging and grading, TNM classification.

    Cancer Management

    • Cure
    • Control
    • Palliation

    Surgical Treatment

    • Diagnostic surgery
    • Biopsy: excisional, needle, incisional
    • Tumor removal: wide excision, local excision
    • Prophylactic surgery
    • Reconstructive surgery

    Radiation Therapy

    • Curative, control, or palliative
    • External radiation
    • Internal radiation
    • Radiation reactions: effects on GI system, bone marrow, and systemic effects
    • Long-term effects and tissue changes

    Nursing Care of the Patient Undergoing Radiation Therapy

    • Patient and family education
    • Skin care
    • Oral care
    • Protection of care providers

    Chemotherapy

    • Agents used to destroy tumor cells by interfering with cellular function and replication
    • Curative, control, or palliative
    • Types of chemotherapeutic agents

    Phases of Cell Cycle

    Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT)

    • Used for hematologic cancers that affect the marrow or solid tumors treated with ablative chemotherapy
    • Types of BMT: allogenic, autologous, and syngeneic
    • Graft-vs.-host disease
    • Venous occlusive disease

    Administration of Chemotherapy

    • Routes of administration
    • Problem of extravasation
    • Risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances
    • Risk for infection
    • Risk for bleeding
    • Protection of caregivers

    Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy

    • Toxicity
    • GI effects: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, stomatitis
    • Hematopoietic effects: myelosuppression
    • Renal damage
    • Cardiopulmonary system: potential cardiac toxicities
    • Reproductive system: potential sterility, potential reproductive cell abnormalities
    • Neurologic effects

    Common Nursing Diagnoses

    • Impaired oral mucosa
    • Impaired tissue integrity
    • Imbalanced nutrition
    • Chronic pain
    • Fatigue
    • Disturbed body image
    • Coping diagnoses and anticipatory grief

    Collaborative Problems

    • Infection
    • Bleeding
    • Superior vena cava syndrome
    • Hypercalcemia
    • Spinal cord compression
    • Pericardial effusion
    • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

    Hospice

    • Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to the care of patients with terminal illness and their families
    • Focuses on quality of life, palliation of symptoms, and psychosocial and spiritual care

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    Description

    This quiz covers the nursing management of cancer care, including the disease process of cancer, its invasive characteristics, and metastasis.

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