Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main argument made by the author in the essay 'On Superstitions'?
What is the main argument made by the author in the essay 'On Superstitions'?
- Human beings are gullible and prone to superstitions (correct)
- Superstitions are a product of modern society
- Superstitions are based on rational thinking
- Superstitions are a result of lack of education
What is the tone of the essay 'On Superstitions'?
What is the tone of the essay 'On Superstitions'?
- Somber and serious
- Formal and objective
- Lucid and satirical (correct)
- Critical and judgmental
What is the title of the collection of essays in which A.G. Gardiner's essay 'On Superstitions' was published?
What is the title of the collection of essays in which A.G. Gardiner's essay 'On Superstitions' was published?
- The Beta of the Plough
- The Alpha of the Plough
- The Alpha of the Plough: Second Series (correct)
- The Essays of A.G. Gardiner
What is the author's purpose in using the example of the murder at house number 13?
What is the author's purpose in using the example of the murder at house number 13?
What is the author's attitude towards superstitions?
What is the author's attitude towards superstitions?
What is the significance of the law of averages in the context of the essay?
What is the significance of the law of averages in the context of the essay?
What was the initial condition of the patient when brought into hospital?
What was the initial condition of the patient when brought into hospital?
What was the significance of the pimple on the patient's nose?
What was the significance of the pimple on the patient's nose?
Why does the author hesitate to swear that they are immune to superstitions?
Why does the author hesitate to swear that they are immune to superstitions?
What is significant about bus number 13?
What is significant about bus number 13?
Why does the author choose to walk around a ladder leaning against a house?
Why does the author choose to walk around a ladder leaning against a house?
What is the author's justification for avoiding walking under ladders?
What is the author's justification for avoiding walking under ladders?
What is the author's attitude towards the remnants of superstition in modern times?
What is the author's attitude towards the remnants of superstition in modern times?
What is the reason why superstition was not considered a discredit in the past?
What is the reason why superstition was not considered a discredit in the past?
What is the significance of the author's mention of turning over money in their hand?
What is the significance of the author's mention of turning over money in their hand?
In what way did people in the past view natural phenomena?
In what way did people in the past view natural phenomena?
What is the significance of the examples of Pompey and the battle postponement mentioned in the text?
What is the significance of the examples of Pompey and the battle postponement mentioned in the text?
What is the implication of the author's statement that 'hands have habits of their own'?
What is the implication of the author's statement that 'hands have habits of their own'?
What is the primary distinction between the ancient Greeks and Romans, and people of the modern era, according to the author?
What is the primary distinction between the ancient Greeks and Romans, and people of the modern era, according to the author?
What is the author's main point about the role of fortune-tellers in ancient societies?
What is the author's main point about the role of fortune-tellers in ancient societies?
What is the implication of the author's statement about the farmer of ancient Greece?
What is the implication of the author's statement about the farmer of ancient Greece?
What does the author imply about the significance of the natural world in ancient societies?
What does the author imply about the significance of the natural world in ancient societies?
What is the author's view on the relative merits of ancient and modern societies?
What is the author's view on the relative merits of ancient and modern societies?
What is the significance of the author's mention of the House of Commons and the clap of thunder?
What is the significance of the author's mention of the House of Commons and the clap of thunder?
What is the underlying reason for the absence of house number 13 in many streets and hospitals?
What is the underlying reason for the absence of house number 13 in many streets and hospitals?
What is implied by the fact that some landlords avoid numbering their houses 13?
What is implied by the fact that some landlords avoid numbering their houses 13?
What is the significance of Florence Nightingale's advocacy of flowers in the sick bedroom?
What is the significance of Florence Nightingale's advocacy of flowers in the sick bedroom?
What is the main idea expressed in the quote from Florence Nightingale?
What is the main idea expressed in the quote from Florence Nightingale?
What is the tone of the passage when discussing the superstition surrounding the number 13?
What is the tone of the passage when discussing the superstition surrounding the number 13?
What is the implied consequence of having a hospital bed numbered 13?
What is the implied consequence of having a hospital bed numbered 13?
Flashcards
Human Gullibility
Human Gullibility
The idea that humans are easily deceived and susceptible to unfounded beliefs.
Satirical Tone
Satirical Tone
A writing style employing humor and irony to highlight flaws or absurdity.
The Alpha of the Plough: Second Series
The Alpha of the Plough: Second Series
A collection of essays by A.G. Gardiner, featuring 'On Superstitions'.
Murder at House Number 13
Murder at House Number 13
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Critical Attitude Towards Superstition
Critical Attitude Towards Superstition
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Law of Averages
Law of Averages
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A Sheer Wreck
A Sheer Wreck
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Significance of the Pimple
Significance of the Pimple
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Vulnerability to Superstition
Vulnerability to Superstition
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Significance of Bus Number 13
Significance of Bus Number 13
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Walking Around a Ladder
Walking Around a Ladder
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Justification for Avoiding Ladders
Justification for Avoiding Ladders
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Disapproving Attitude Towards Modern Superstition
Disapproving Attitude Towards Modern Superstition
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Superstition in the Past
Superstition in the Past
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Turning Over Money
Turning Over Money
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Natural Phenomena in the Past
Natural Phenomena in the Past
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Pompey and Battle Postponement
Pompey and Battle Postponement
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Hands Have Habits
Hands Have Habits
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Ancient Greeks and Romans vs. Modern Era
Ancient Greeks and Romans vs. Modern Era
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Role of Fortune Tellers
Role of Fortune Tellers
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Superstitious Farmer
Superstitious Farmer
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Significance of Natural World
Significance of Natural World
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Modern vs. Ancient Societies
Modern vs. Ancient Societies
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House of Commons and the Clap of Thunder
House of Commons and the Clap of Thunder
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Psychological Impact of Number 13
Psychological Impact of Number 13
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Landlords Avoiding Number 13
Landlords Avoiding Number 13
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Florence Nightingale and Flowers
Florence Nightingale and Flowers
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Mental and Physical Recovery
Mental and Physical Recovery
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Amused Tone
Amused Tone
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Consequences of Number 13 in Hospitals
Consequences of Number 13 in Hospitals
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Study Notes
Superstitions by A.G. Gardiner
- Gardiner's 1931 essay "On Superstitions" is a frontal attack on superstitions that prevail in all societies and ages, using lucid reasoning and satire to convince readers about human gullibility.
The Irrationality of Human Behavior
- People irrationally restrict their behavior due to superstitions, even if they don't believe in them.
- For example, people may avoid houses with the number 13, even though the law of averages suggests that murders happen at any number with equal frequency.
Historical Superstitions
- In ancient times, people believed nature was controlled by supernatural forces, and omens were used to guide decisions.
- Examples include Thucydides' account of battles postponed due to omens, and Pompey's use of thunder to postpone elections.
- Alexander and Caesar consulted fortune-tellers and augurs, and even Cicero trusted omens that ultimately led to his downfall.
Persistence of Superstitions
- Despite scientific progress, remnants of superstition remain in modern society.
- People may not confess to, but still exhibit, superstitious behaviors, such as avoiding ladders or preferring certain numbers.
- Landlords and hospitals may also accommodate superstitions when numbering houses or beds.
The Power of Suggestion
- The mind plays a significant role in recovery, and superstitions can affect mental states.
- Florence Nightingale advocated for flowers in sickrooms to create a positive mental environment, highlighting the importance of psychology in healing.
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