7 Questions
What type of blood cancer is multiple myeloma?
Multiple myeloma
Which cells in our immune system are affected by multiple myeloma?
Plasma cells
What do plasma cells (B-cells) make in the context of fighting infection?
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
What are the abnormal antibodies produced in multiple myeloma called?
M proteins
Which systems or organs can be affected by the cascade of medical issues initiated by multiple myeloma?
Kidneys and spleen
What happens to healthy cells in multiple myeloma?
They transform into cancerous cells
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of multiple myeloma?
Sudden vision loss
Study Notes
What is Obesity
- Obesity is having high levels of body fat.
Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma
- Bone pain, especially in the spine, chest, or hips
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Mental fogginess or confusion
- Tiredness
- Infections
- Weight loss
- Weakness
- Thirst
- Needing to urinate often
Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Quantitative Immunoglobulin Test
- X-ray
- MRI
- CT Scan
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
- Bone Marrow Biopsies
Classifications of Multiple Myeloma
- MGUS: Blood tests show small amounts of M protein, 1% to 2% of MGUS patients develop multiple myeloma
- Solitary or Isolated Plasmacytomas: Single groups of abnormal plasma cells
- SMM: Pre-cancerous form of multiple myeloma, mild symptoms and small M protein levels in blood or urine
- Multiple Myeloma: Multiple groups of abnormal plasma cells, high M protein levels in blood or urine, often leads to anemia, hypercalcemia, kidney failure, and osteolytic lesions
Treatments and Medications for Multiple Myeloma
- NSAIDs
- Antibiotics
- Steroids
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
- Stem Cell Transplant
Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma
- Getting older: Most people are diagnosed in their late 60s
- Being male: Men are more likely to develop the disease than women
- Being Black: Black people are more likely to develop multiple myeloma than people of other races
- Having a family history of multiple myeloma: Having a sibling or parent with multiple myeloma increases the risk of the disease
Epidemiology of Multiple Myeloma
- Multiple myeloma affects 7 out of 100,000 people annually
- 100,000 US residents have the condition
- Multiple myeloma is more prevalent in men and Black individuals, with twice as many affected as those of other races
- Multiple myeloma is predominantly diagnosed between the ages of 40 and 70, with a median age of 65 to 74
Etiology of Multiple Myeloma
- Genetic Mutations: Researchers are exploring the connection between genetic mutations and multiple myeloma
- Environmental Factors: Studies show potential links between multiple myeloma and exposure to radiation or chemicals in pesticides, fertilizer, or Agent Orange
- Inflammatory diseases: Having an inflammatory disease or condition, such as heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, increases the risk of multiple myeloma
Test your knowledge on the signs, symptoms, diagnosis methods, and classifications related to obesity. Explore topics such as bone pain, nausea, diagnostic tests like MRI and CT scans, and classifications like MGUS. Challenge yourself with this quiz!
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