30 Questions
What is the primary function of the Enteric Nervous System in the digestive system?
Coordinate peristalsis and local reflexes
Which neurotransmitter inhibits activities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract according to the text?
Norepinephrine
What is the function of Serous fluid produced by the Peritoneal Membranes?
Reduce friction as organs move in the abdominal cavity
Which of the following organs is considered retroperitoneal according to the text?
Pancreas
What is the purpose of Mesenteries in the abdominal cavity?
Hold many organs in place
Which ligament connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon?
Greater omentum
Which organ is responsible for the mechanical breaking down of food in the digestive system?
Stomach
What is the function of mucus in the digestive system?
Protect and lubricate the digestive tract
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for introducing food into the stomach?
Mouth
What is the function of peristalsis in the digestive system?
Move material through the digestive tract
Which accessory organ secretes fluids into the digestive tract?
Gallbladder
What is the main function of water in the digestive system?
Make food easier to digest and absorb
Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?
Chief cells
What is the function of intrinsic factor produced by parietal cells?
Facilitating the absorption of vitamin B12
Which of the following substances stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Histamine
What is the primary function of the rugae in the stomach?
Allowing the stomach to stretch and hold more food
What is the role of surface mucous cells in the stomach?
Producing alkaline mucus to protect the stomach lining
What is the term used to describe the mixture of food and stomach secretions?
Chyme
Which muscle is involved in the control of defecation?
Skeletal muscle
What is a common cause of hemorrhoids?
Enlargement or inflammation of rectal veins
Which of the following is the major secretion product of the large intestine?
Mucus
What is the primary function of mucus secreted by the large intestine?
To lubricate the walls of the colon
Which of the following factors determines the amount of gases (flatus) produced in the large intestine?
The type of food consumed
What is the primary stimulus for initiating the defecation reflex?
Distension of the rectum by feces
What is the role of insulin in glucose transport into cells?
Influences the rate of glucose transport into cells
What is the function of bile salts in lipid digestion?
Create micelles to facilitate digestion
How are fatty acids and glycerol absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?
Via simple diffusion
What happens to fatty acids and glycerol within the intestinal epithelial cell?
They are converted to triglycerides
Which components make up the majority of chylomicrons?
Triglycerides
What is the pathway of chylomicrons after they leave the intestinal epithelial cells?
Lacteals -> thoracic duct -> bloodstream -> adipose tissue
Study Notes
- The digestive system is regulated by nervous and chemical mechanisms.
- The enteric nervous system controls secretions and motility independently of the CNS.
- Major ENS neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
- The CNS is involved in reflexes triggered by sight, smell, and taste of food.
- The peritoneum consists of visceral and parietal membranes, with retroperitoneal organs like kidneys and pancreas.
- Mesenteries hold abdominal organs in place and allow passage of vessels and nerves.
- Ligaments like the coronary ligament connect organs within the digestive system.
- The stomach can stretch and hold up to 4 liters of food when full.
- Gastric pits in the stomach have different epithelial cells producing mucus, hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen.
- The large intestine secretes mucus, with bacterial actions producing gases like flatus.
- Movement in the large intestine involves sluggish peristalsis and mass movements to propel content toward the rectum.
- Control of defecation involves reflexes and voluntary movements.
- Glucose transport into cells requires energy and is influenced by insulin.
- Lipids in the digestive system include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
- Lipids are broken down by lipases, emulsified by bile salts, and absorbed as micelles in the intestines.
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the digestive system including the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Learn about the different regions and functions of the digestive system with this quiz.
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