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Omphalocele: Abdominal Wall Defect

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of an omphalocele?

Failure of closure of the ventral abdominal wall

What organs can be herniated in an omphalocele?

Bowel, liver, spleen, and gallbladder

What is the abnormal characteristic of the umbilical cord in an omphalocele?

Abnormal insertion into the upper region of the herniated sac

What tissue covers the herniated organs in an omphalocele?

Fetal amniotic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the protrusion of organs through the abdominal wall in an omphalocele?

Hernia Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinguishing feature between an umbilical cord hernia and an omphalocele in terms of the umbilical cord insertion?

In an umbilical cord hernia, the cord inserts normally into the umbilical ring with intact skin, whereas in an omphalocele, there is a large defect of the umbilical ring region involving the muscles and the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an abnormal karyotype in fetuses with an omphalocele?

30% to 40% of fetuses with an omphalocele have an abnormal karyotype. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of fetuses with an omphalocele that have other major anomalies?

50% to 70% Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the umbilical ring in an omphalocele?

The umbilical ring has a large defect involving the muscles and the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the general prognosis for fetuses with an omphalocele?

The prognosis is poor. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Omphalocele

A large umbilical defect caused by the failure of closure of the ventral abdominal wall
Characterized by the herniation of organs, including:
- Bowel
- Liver
- Spleen
- Gallbladder
Herniated organs are covered only by the fetal amniotic membrane
Abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the upper region of the herniated sac

Umbilical Cord Hernias vs Omphaloceles

Both conditions share similar sonographic features.
In an umbilical cord hernia, the intestine protrudes only into the base of the hernia.

Distinction between Umbilical Cord Hernia and Omphalocele

Inspect the umbilical cord insertion to distinguish between the two conditions.
Umbilical cord hernia: normal insertion of the cord into the umbilical ring with intact skin covering the ring.
Omphalocele: large defect of the umbilical ring region involving the muscles and the skin.

Characteristics of Omphalocele

Defect of the umbilical ring is covered with amniotic membranes.
May contain bowel, liver, and other abdominal viscera.
Poor prognosis: 30% to 40% of fetuses have an abnormal karyotype.
50% to 70% of fetuses have other major anomalies.

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Description

Learn about omphalocele, a birth defect characterized by a large umbilical defect and herniated organs, such as bowel, liver, and spleen, covered by the fetal amniotic membrane.