Controls Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

Which type of system does not correct for disturbances and is simply commanded by the input?

  • Open-loop system (correct)
  • Closed-loop system
  • Transducer system
  • Feedback control system

    • What is the controlled variable (output) of a toaster?

  • Color of the toast (correct)
  • Type of bread used
  • Thickness of the toast
  • Temperature of the toaster

    • What is the advantage of closed-loop systems over open-loop systems?

  • Lower cost
  • Greater accuracy (correct)
  • Simplicity
  • Less sensitivity to noise

    • What is the process by which a system's performance is determined?

    <p>Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an automatically controlled system mentioned in the text?

    <p>A self-guided vehicle in an aerospace assembly plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a control system?

    <p>To obtain a desired output with desired performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a control system mentioned in the text?

    <p>A moving object being tracked by the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the model mentioned in the text predict?

    <p>The time required for the grade to rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major objective of systems analysis and design discussed in the text?

    <p>Achieving stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of transient response in a control system?

    <p>It affects the comfort of the system's users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the steady-state response of a system?

    <p>The response that resembles the input and remains after the transients have decayed to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a control system does not have stability?

    <p>The system's natural response grows without bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the transient response of an unstable system?

    <p>The transient response grows without bound and without any evidence of a steady-state response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of control system analysis and design?

    <p>To design systems that are stable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some important considerations in control system design?

    <p>Factors affecting hardware selection, such as motor sizing and choice of sensors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the engineer want to create a robust design?

    <p>To ensure that the system will not be sensitive to parameter changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two major measures of performance are apparent in the elevator system described in the text?

    <p>Transient response and steady-state error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four primary reasons for building control systems according to the text?

    <p>Power amplification, remote control, convenience of input form, and compensation for disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of an open-loop system according to the text?

    <p>It cannot compensate for any disturbances that add to the controller's driving signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an input transducer in a control system according to the text?

    <p>It converts the form of the input to that used by the controller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of control systems mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major measures of performance in the elevator system described in the text?

    <p>Transient response and steady-state error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a control system mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of an open-loop system according to the text?

    <p>It cannot correct for disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an input transducer in a control system according to the text?

    <p>To convert the form of the input to that used by the controller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are control systems useful in remote or dangerous locations according to the text?

    <p>To compensate for disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an automatically controlled system mentioned in the text?

    <p>A student's study time and grade model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a control system?

    <p>To obtain a desired output with desired performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of a closed-loop system according to the text?

    <p>It continuously compares the actual output to the desired output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of control system analysis and design?

    <p>To obtain a desired output with desired performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some important considerations in control system design?

    <p>Stability, robustness, and desired performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the transient response of a stable system?

    <p>It decays over time and reaches a steady-state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major objective of control system analysis and design discussed in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an input transducer in a control system according to the text?

    <p>To convert physical input into an electrical signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the natural response in a control system?

    <p>It describes the way the system dissipates or acquires energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the transient response of an unstable system?

    <p>It grows without bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a control system not having stability?

    <p>The system will be uncontrollable and potentially self-destructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding the steady-state response in a control system?

    <p>The accuracy of the steady-state response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of open-loop systems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Open-loop systems do not correct for disturbances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about closed-loop systems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Closed-loop systems correct for disturbances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an output transducer in a control system according to the text?

    <p>To measure the output response and convert it into the form used by the controller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the first summing junction in a closed-loop system according to the text?

    <p>The input signal is subtracted from the output signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the actuating signal called in closed-loop systems according to the text?

    <p>Error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of closed-loop systems over open-loop systems according to the text?

    <p>Closed-loop systems have greater accuracy than open-loop systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consideration in control system design, according to the text?

    <p>Stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a robust design in control systems, according to the text?

    <p>To make the system consistent with the design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about parameter changes in control systems is true, according to the text?

    <p>Parameter changes can lead to small or large changes in system performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of an unstable system, according to the text?

    <p>Transient response grows without bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the transient response and the natural response of a system, according to the text?

    <p>The transient response is directly related to the natural response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of stability in control system design, according to the text?

    <p>To ensure the transient response decays to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power transmission medium in hydraulic systems?

    <p>Pressurized hydraulic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are electrohydraulic (EH) systems controlled by?

    <p>Electrical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hydro-mechanical systems controlled by?

    <p>A combination of mechanical and hydraulic mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component controls the flow of pressurized fluid in an electrohydraulic system?

    <p>Main valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the operator input devices to sensors in electronically controlled hydraulic systems?

    <p>Integrated sensors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of accumulators in hydraulic systems?

    <p>Store pressurized fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three most important specifications for a hydraulic filter?

    <p>Minimum size of the particles it can filter, maximum pressure it can withstand, and maximum flow rate it can support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hydraulic system where the source of power is a fixed displacement gear type pump, how is the flow to the cylinder controlled?

    <p>By a manually actuated valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a multi-function hydraulic power-based motion system, how are the hydraulic valve-actuator pairs connected to the pump and tank lines?

    <p>In parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hydraulic circuit for the motion of a cylinder of an excavator, what is the power source?

    <p>An internal combustion engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a multi-function hydraulic power-based motion system, what type of connection may be used when it is not practical to provide a large enough pump to support the full load of each circuit?

    <p>Series connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hydraulic circuit for the motion of a rotary hydraulic motor for a service truck, how is the speed of the hydraulic motor controlled?

    <p>Through a closed-loop control system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of proportional flow control valves in hydraulic systems?

    <p>To regulate fluid flow in terms of rate, direction, and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hydraulic reservoir in a hydraulic power supply unit?

    <p>To store a volumetric size 3 to 5 times the flow rate of the pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crucial function of the hydraulic pump in hydraulic power transmission?

    <p>To convert mechanical power into pressurized fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In industrial applications, what is commonly used to power the hydraulic pump?

    <p>Electric motors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major designs of hydraulic power unit mentioned in the text?

    <p>JIC style and overhead design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of actuators can be found in hydraulic motion systems?

    <p>Linear cylinders or rotary hydraulic motors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of safety relief valves in hydraulic circuits?

    <p>To protect against excessive pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ON/OFF valves in hydraulic systems?

    <p>Turn controlled flow on or off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of accumulators in hydraulic motion control systems?

    <p>Serve as pressurized fluid storage components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gas is used in hydro-pneumatic accumulators?

    <p>Dry nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of filtration in hydraulic systems?

    <p>Remove solid particles from hydraulic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using ON/OFF valves in parallel for finite speed or force control?

    <p>Lower cost and simpler design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying sensors in hydraulic circuit diagrams?

    <p>To understand the control decisions and logic used in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the design of an electro-hydraulic motion control system?

    <p>Component sizing and selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the measured variables in an electro-hydraulic system for control purposes?

    <p>Spool displacement and flow rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in the design of electro-hydraulic motion control systems?

    <p>Selecting the appropriate components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to identify the main power supply and actuators in hydraulic circuit diagrams?

    <p>To ensure the safety of the power flow paths in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of flow control valves in hydraulic circuit diagrams?

    <p>To identify the power flow paths in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Interpreting Hydraulic Circuit Diagrams

    • Hydraulic circuit diagrams show connections between hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical components using lines and standard symbols.
    • It takes multiple days to fully understand a given hydraulic circuit.
    • Guidelines for interpreting hydraulic circuit diagrams include identifying the main power supply and actuators, flow control valves, safety valves, power flow paths, pilot control circuits, and operator command signal sources.
    • It is important to identify sensors and the logic used in control decisions, as well as any built-in priority and over-ride type logic in the circuit.
    • The design of an electro-hydraulic motion control system involves specifying requirements, system concept design, component sizing and selection, control algorithm design, modeling and simulation, and hardware testing.
    • Measured variables in an electro-hydraulic system for control purposes include load position and speed, load pressure, load force or torque, spool displacement, flow rate, pump output pressure, pump displacement, and pump speed.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on open-loop systems and their characteristics with this quiz. Learn about how open-loop systems are controlled by input without correcting for disturbances. Find out how toasters are a prime example of open-loop systems and their controlled variables. Challenge yourself with questions on the topic and expand your understanding of system control.

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