Omeprazole (Prilosec) Flashcards

Study Notes

Omeprazole (Prilosec) Overview

Omeprazole is categorized as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), a class of medications used to reduce gastric acid production.

Mechanism of Action

Acts as a prodrug; once metabolized, it irreversibly inhibits the proton pump (H+, K+-ATPase), leading to marked reduction of gastric acid secretion.

Therapeutic Uses

Indicated for short-term management of active duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, erosive esophagitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Used long-term for hypersecretory conditions and approved for over-the-counter sales for short-term treatment of frequent, uncomplicated heartburn.

Adverse Effects

Generally well tolerated, with uncommon side effects.
Commonly reported adverse reactions include headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Potential for rebound acid hypersecretion upon cessation of PPI therapy.
Long-term use may lead to hypomagnesemia.

Precautions, Warnings, and Contraindications

Increased risk of osteoporosis-related bone fractures; use the lowest effective dose and ensure sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake.
Potential association with gastric cancer; implications for humans remain unclear despite animal study findings.
Elevated risk of Clostridium difficile infections; consider in patients with persistent diarrhea on PPI therapy.
Higher risk of pneumonia when initiating PPI treatment.

Drug Interactions

Omeprazole can affect the absorption of other medications by altering gastric pH, impacting drugs such as itraconazole and indinavir.
It can also inhibit the metabolism of other medications, notably affecting the activation of the antiplatelet prodrug clopidogrel.

Pharmacokinetics

Classified as a prodrug, omeprazole is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism.

Nursing Implications

Preadministration Assessment: Evaluate symptoms, check baseline magnesium levels for long-term users, and assess potential drug interactions.
Administration: Dosing varies with indication; capsules and tablets must be swallowed whole and taken on an empty stomach.
Monitoring: Observe symptoms, monitor magnesium levels in long-term use, and be aware of potential acid rebound after discontinuation.

Description

Test your knowledge about Omeprazole, commonly known as Prilosec. This quiz covers its medication class, mechanism of action, and therapeutic uses. Perfect for students in pharmacology or anyone looking to deepen their understanding of this important drug.