L18 (T1): Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
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Questions and Answers

What is the predicted number of adults living with diabetes by 2045?

  • 966 billion
  • 783 million (correct)
  • 643 million
  • 537 million

    • In which type of countries do over 3 in 4 adults with diabetes live?

  • High-income countries
  • Low- and middle-income countries (correct)
  • Developed countries
  • Middle-income countries

    • What is the prevalence of diabetes in England & Wales in 2019/20?

  • 10%
  • 5.1%
  • 6.7%
  • 7.2% (correct)

    • What percentage of inpatients have Diabetes in England & Wales?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acronym for Impaired Glucose Tolerance?

    <p>IGT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of at least USD 966 billion dollars in health expenditure?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for 6.7 million deaths in 2021?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary acute symptom of diabetes mentioned in the text?

    <p>High glucose - hyperglycaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted increase in the number of adults living with diabetes by 2030?

    <p>643 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of NHS spend related to diabetes?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acronym for Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young?

    <p>MODY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of increase in health expenditure caused by diabetes over the last 15 years?

    <p>300%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is associated with the use of Teplizumab as a treatment option?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the chronic complications of diabetes?

    <p>Stroke, heart disease, eye disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can diabetes be diagnosed?

    <p>Through symptoms or elevated glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes involves specific glucose levels in its definition?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the acute complications of diabetes?

    <p>Diabetic ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diabetes complication can lead to ulcers and autonomic issues?

    <p>Neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the treatment options for Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Metformin, sulfonylurea, pioglitazone, DDP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP1 receptor agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different types of diabetes?

    <p>Type 1, Type 2, genetic, pancreatic, endocrine, drug-induced, syndromic, and gestational diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication of diabetes involves the renal microcirculation?

    <p>Nephropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the long-term complications of diabetes?

    <p>Neovascularization, retinopathy, and neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a treatment option for Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Teplizumab and structured education programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can diabetic retinopathy lead to?

    <p>Clinical stages and pathological findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speaker's profession?

    <p>Consultant in diabetes and endocrinology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker plan to talk about?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the speaker describe the format of the talk?

    <p>Fairly didactic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker encourage the audience to do during the talk?

    <p>Interrupt and ask questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the speaker welcome sharing from the audience?

    <p>Encourages anyone to share or ask anything</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speaker's name?

    <p>Ali Choucair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of inpatients at Royal Sussex County Hospital have diabetes?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual spending of NHS on diabetes treatment?

    <p>£15 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is more common in older age groups?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for preventing death in type one diabetes?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has a significant portion of its population with diabetes, leading to NHS burden?

    <p>United Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a global issue related to diabetes treatment?

    <p>Access to affordable insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>High glucose and lack of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people with type 1 diabetes present with or close to diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>About half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes accounts for the majority of cases in Sussex?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial treatment requirement for type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic basis for diabetes?

    <p>Presence of symptoms and abnormal test results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common method for diagnosing diabetes?

    <p>A1C test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age is recommended for annual diabetes check-ups?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the long-term complications of high glucose levels mentioned in the text?

    <p>Stroke, heart disease, eye disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for establishing diabetes thresholds?

    <p>Understanding the correlation between glucose levels and health problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variation in diabetes care across different regions in England and Wales attributed to?

    <p>Pandemic causing disruptions in healthcare services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for diabetes determined based on?

    <p>Data from populations with a high proportion of diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treating diabetes according to the text?

    <p>Preventing acute symptoms and reducing the risk of long-term outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dehydration in individuals with diabetes?

    <p>Avoidance of drinking water due to frequent bathroom trips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of laser treatment in diabetic eye complications?

    <p>To reduce the demand for blood and oxygen in the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of injections in diabetic eye complications?

    <p>To prevent the formation of abnormal blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the leakage of proteins and other substances from fragile vessels into the retina lead to?

    <p>Impaired vision without awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic eye complications?

    <p>Prevents the formation of new vessels in the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes?

    <p>Thickening of cells due to high glucose levels affecting nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diabetes: Key Points

    • Chronic complications of diabetes include stroke, heart disease, eye disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage.
    • The definition of diabetes involves symptoms and specific glucose levels.
    • Diabetes can be diagnosed through symptoms or elevated glucose levels.
    • There are different types of diabetes, including Type 1, Type 2, genetic, pancreatic, endocrine, drug-induced, syndromic, and gestational diabetes.
    • Acute complications of diabetes include diabetic ketoacidosis, which can lead to various health issues.
    • Long-term complications of diabetes include neovascularization, retinopathy, and neuropathy.
    • Diabetic retinopathy presents with clinical stages and pathological findings.
    • Neuropathy associated with diabetes can lead to various complications such as ulcers and autonomic issues.
    • Nephropathy, a common complication of diabetes, involves the renal microcirculation and different clinical stages.
    • Treatment options for Type 1 diabetes include Teplizumab and structured education programs.
    • Insulin regimens for Type 1 diabetes vary based on social deprivation and ethnicity.
    • Treatment options for Type 2 diabetes include metformin, sulfonylurea, pioglitazone, DDP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP1 receptor agonists.

    Diabetes Complications and Treatments

    • High glucose levels in diabetes lead to dehydration, resulting in the loss of 10-15 liters of total body fluid, making individuals very sick.
    • Older, frail individuals with diabetes may avoid drinking water due to the inconvenience of frequent bathroom trips, leading to dehydration and illness.
    • Low glucose (hypoglycemia) can occur due to insulin treatment, causing symptoms such as irritability, shakiness, and loss of consciousness if severe.
    • Long-term complications of diabetes include eye problems, such as retinal abnormalities that can be detected through annual digital eye photography.
    • Laser treatment can be used to burn the retina to reduce its demand for blood and oxygen in diabetic eye complications.
    • Injections can also be administered to prevent the formation of abnormal blood vessels in the eye, which are fragile and prone to bleeding, leading to vision loss.
    • National screening programs and effective treatments have reduced diabetes-related blindness, demonstrating the impact of proactive measures.
    • High glucose thickens the basement membrane of blood vessels, leading to the formation of fragile new vessels in the retina that can bleed and affect vision.
    • The leakage of proteins and other substances from these fragile vessels into the retina can impair vision without the individual being aware of it.
    • Inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can prevent the formation of new vessels in the eye, and regular monitoring and staging are essential for timely treatment.
    • Peripheral neuropathy, a diabetes complication, affects the longest nerves in the extremities, making them more fragile and susceptible to damage.
    • Similar to eye complications, thickening of cells due to high glucose levels can affect nerves, leading to peripheral neuropathy symptoms.

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    Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. jan 2023.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of diabetes with this quiz! Explore key points about chronic and acute complications, types of diabetes, diagnosis, and treatment options for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Whether you're a healthcare professional or someone managing diabetes, this quiz will help you understand the essentials.

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