Cell module

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of all living organisms?

Electrons

Cells (correct)

Atoms

Neutrons

What defines the type of element based on the text?

Number of electrons

Number of protons (correct)

Atomic weight

Number of neutrons

What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms?

Nonpolar covalent bond (correct)

Single bond

Polar covalent bond

Ionic bond

What is the charge of an ion that has gained two electrons?

2- negatively charged Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peroxisomes mentioned in the text?

Drug detoxification Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that stabilizes, supports, and transports within the cell?

Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dysfunction related to microtubules mentioned in the text?

Alzheimer's Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is found near the nucleus and made of two parts, including centrioles and pericentriolar matrix?

Centrosome Signup and view all the answers

What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasmic compartment?

Double membrane barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for producing RNA for ribosomes and is located inside the nucleus?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

How do cells communicate with other cells in the body to maintain homeostasis?

Directly via gap junctions or chemical messengers Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication involves the release of hormone into the bloodstream and binding to a specific target cell receptor?

Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

What are the four key functions of the plasma membrane?

Physical isolation, exchange of substances, intercellular communication, and structural support Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

Production of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Site of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the cytoplasm?

Cytosol and organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secretory vesicles?

Transport of cell secretions within or outside cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?

Contain enzymes for cleaning up worn-out organelles and killing bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Modify, concentrate, sort, and package proteins or lipids for secretion or transport Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of the plasma membrane?

Double layer of lipids with dispersed proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the human body in terms of the six compounds?

97% carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of peroxisomes in the cell?

Detoxify or neutralize free radicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of membrane-spanning proteins in the plasma membrane?

Various functions such as transport, signaling, and structural support Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ribosomes in the cell?

Responsible for making proteins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function Overview

Human body is 97% composed of 6 compounds: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
The body is organized with basic building blocks, followed by cells working together with tissues and organs for homeostasis
The plasma membrane has four key functions: physical isolation, exchange of substances, intercellular communication, and structural support
The plasma membrane is a double layer of lipids with dispersed proteins, containing polar hydrophilic and nonpolar hydrophobic regions
Membrane-spanning proteins in the bilayer have various functions such as transport, signaling, and structural support
The cytoplasm consists of cytosol and organelles, including membranous structures like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi apparatus
The mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, produce ATP and have their own DNA and RNA
The endoplasmic reticulum can be smooth (for lipid synthesis and calcium ion storage) or rough (site of protein synthesis)
Ribosomes, responsible for making proteins, can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
The Golgi apparatus modifies, concentrates, sorts, and packages proteins or lipids received from the ER for secretion or transport
Secretory vesicles are packages of cell secretions transported within or outside cells and contain proteins, hormones, or neurotransmitters
Lysosomes contain enzymes for cleaning up worn-out organelles, killing bacteria, and are protective for the cell, while peroxisomes detoxify or neutralize free radicals and proteasomes degrade unneeded or damaged proteins

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Description

Learn about the basic building blocks of the human body, focusing on cells, their structure, and functions within the body. This overview covers the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and their roles in maintaining homeostasis.