24 Questions
What is the basic unit of all living organisms?
Cells
What defines the type of element based on the text?
Number of protons
What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms?
Nonpolar covalent bond
What is the charge of an ion that has gained two electrons?
2- negatively charged
What is the function of peroxisomes mentioned in the text?
Drug detoxification
What is the structure that stabilizes, supports, and transports within the cell?
Cytoskeleton
What is the primary dysfunction related to microtubules mentioned in the text?
Alzheimer's Disease
What is found near the nucleus and made of two parts, including centrioles and pericentriolar matrix?
Centrosome
What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasmic compartment?
Double membrane barrier
What is responsible for producing RNA for ribosomes and is located inside the nucleus?
Nucleolus
How do cells communicate with other cells in the body to maintain homeostasis?
Directly via gap junctions or chemical messengers
What type of communication involves the release of hormone into the bloodstream and binding to a specific target cell receptor?
Endocrine
What are the four key functions of the plasma membrane?
Physical isolation, exchange of substances, intercellular communication, and structural support
What is the main function of the mitochondria?
Production of ATP
What is the primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Site of protein synthesis
What are the main components of the cytoplasm?
Cytosol and organelles
What is the function of secretory vesicles?
Transport of cell secretions within or outside cells
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?
Contain enzymes for cleaning up worn-out organelles and killing bacteria
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modify, concentrate, sort, and package proteins or lipids for secretion or transport
What are the primary components of the plasma membrane?
Double layer of lipids with dispersed proteins
What is the composition of the human body in terms of the six compounds?
97% carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
What is the main function of peroxisomes in the cell?
Detoxify or neutralize free radicals
What is the role of membrane-spanning proteins in the plasma membrane?
Various functions such as transport, signaling, and structural support
What is the primary role of ribosomes in the cell?
Responsible for making proteins
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function Overview
- Human body is 97% composed of 6 compounds: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
- The body is organized with basic building blocks, followed by cells working together with tissues and organs for homeostasis
- The plasma membrane has four key functions: physical isolation, exchange of substances, intercellular communication, and structural support
- The plasma membrane is a double layer of lipids with dispersed proteins, containing polar hydrophilic and nonpolar hydrophobic regions
- Membrane-spanning proteins in the bilayer have various functions such as transport, signaling, and structural support
- The cytoplasm consists of cytosol and organelles, including membranous structures like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi apparatus
- The mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, produce ATP and have their own DNA and RNA
- The endoplasmic reticulum can be smooth (for lipid synthesis and calcium ion storage) or rough (site of protein synthesis)
- Ribosomes, responsible for making proteins, can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
- The Golgi apparatus modifies, concentrates, sorts, and packages proteins or lipids received from the ER for secretion or transport
- Secretory vesicles are packages of cell secretions transported within or outside cells and contain proteins, hormones, or neurotransmitters
- Lysosomes contain enzymes for cleaning up worn-out organelles, killing bacteria, and are protective for the cell, while peroxisomes detoxify or neutralize free radicals and proteasomes degrade unneeded or damaged proteins
Learn about the basic building blocks of the human body, focusing on cells, their structure, and functions within the body. This overview covers the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and their roles in maintaining homeostasis.
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