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Which of the following is NOT a component of the oil and gas industry?
Crude oil is composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen.
True
What are the two main types of hydrocarbons found in crude oil?
Paraffins and Aromatics
Crude oil is primarily transported and stored during the __________ operations.
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Match the following components of crude oil with their respective percentages:
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Study Notes
Oil and Gas Industry Structure
- The oil and gas industry is a branch of the Energy Industry
- The oil and gas industry is divided into three components: Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream.
- Upstream operations focus on finding, lifting, and processing oil and gas from the subsurface to the surface.
- Midstream operations transport and store crude oil and natural gas from the E&P plant for further processing by pipeline, railway, road, or tanker.
- Downstream operations further process crude oil and natural gas into useful final products or raw materials for other industries.
Composition of Crude Oil
- Crude oil is primarily composed of:
- Carbon (84%)
- Hydrogen (14%)
- Sulfur (1 to 3%) (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, elemental sulfur)
- Nitrogen (less than 1%) (basic compounds with amine groups)
- Oxygen (less than 1%) (found in organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids)
- Metals (less than 1%) (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic)
- Salts (less than 1%) (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride)
Major Hydrocarbon Classes in Crude Oil
- The major classes of hydrocarbons found in crude oils are:
- Paraffins (Saturated Hydrocarbons)
- Napthenes or Cycloalkanes
- Olifens or Alkenes
- Dienes and Alkynes
- Aromatics
Crude Oil Composition Breakdown
- Crude oil is comprised of hydrocarbons and non-hydracarbons.
- Hydrocarbons account for 92% of crude oil, which is broken down into:
- Aliphatics (25%)
- Aromatics (17%)
- Naphthenes (50%)
- Non-hydrocarbons account for the other 8% of crude oil, which are:
- Sulfurs
- Nitrogens
- Oxygens
- Metallics
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Description
This quiz covers the structure of the oil and gas industry, detailing the three primary components: Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream. Additionally, it explores the composition of crude oil, highlighting the elements that make up its structure. Test your knowledge on these essential topics within the energy sector!
