Podcast
Questions and Answers
In what year did Georg Ohm work on circuits?
In what year did Georg Ohm work on circuits?
1827
What three components are involved in the relationship that Georg Ohm discovered?
What three components are involved in the relationship that Georg Ohm discovered?
Current, voltage, and resistance
How did Georg Ohm describe the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance?
How did Georg Ohm describe the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance?
Mathematically
When the resistance in a circuit decreases, the current will decrease.
When the resistance in a circuit decreases, the current will decrease.
If you add more obstacles (resistance), the runners (current) will be slower.
If you add more obstacles (resistance), the runners (current) will be slower.
Which of the following can increase the resistance in a circuit?
Which of the following can increase the resistance in a circuit?
In the table provided, what happens to the current as the resistance decreases, while the voltage remains the same?
In the table provided, what happens to the current as the resistance decreases, while the voltage remains the same?
What would happen to the resistance if the voltage was increased while the current remained the same?
What would happen to the resistance if the voltage was increased while the current remained the same?
What would happen to the current if the voltage was increased while the resistance remained the same?
What would happen to the current if the voltage was increased while the resistance remained the same?
Flashcards
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law
A fundamental principle in electrical circuits describing the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
Voltage
Voltage
Electrical pressure that drives current through a circuit.
Current
Current
The rate of flow of electric charge in a circuit.
Resistance
Resistance
Opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit.
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Increased Resistance
Increased Resistance
Higher resistance slows down current flow.
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Decreased Resistance
Decreased Resistance
Lower resistance allows more current to flow.
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Resistance formula (Ohm's Law)
Resistance formula (Ohm's Law)
Resistance = Voltage / Current (R=V/I)
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Directly Proportional
Directly Proportional
Changing one variable similarly affects that other variable.
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Inversely Proportional
Inversely Proportional
When one variable increases the other variable decreases.
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Series Circuit
Series Circuit
Components are connected end-to-end in a single path.
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Parallel Circuit
Parallel Circuit
Components are connected with multiple paths for current to flow.
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More Loads (Series)
More Loads (Series)
Adding more components in series increases resistance.
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Fewer Loads (Parallel)
Fewer Loads (Parallel)
Connecting fewer components in parallel decreases resistance.
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Higher Material Resistance
Higher Material Resistance
Materials with higher resistance impede current flow more.
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Lower Material Resistance
Lower Material Resistance
Materials with lower resistance allow current flow more easily.
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Current vs. Resistance (Same Voltage)
Current vs. Resistance (Same Voltage)
Inverse relationship: As resistance increases, current decreases, and vice versa.
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Voltage Increased, Resistance Same
Voltage Increased, Resistance Same
If the voltage increases and resistance stays the same, current will increase.
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Voltage Same, Resistance Increased
Voltage Same, Resistance Increased
If the voltage remains the same and resistance increases, current will decrease.
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Voltage Increased, Resistance Same, Current Increased
Voltage Increased, Resistance Same, Current Increased
If voltage increases and resistance remains the same, current will also increase.
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Voltage Same, Resistance Remains Same
Voltage Same, Resistance Remains Same
If the voltage is the same and the resistance is the same, the current must also be the same.
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Ohm's Law
- German scientist Georg Ohm studied circuits in 1827
- Discovered relationship between current, voltage, and resistance
- Mathematically described this relationship
First Relationship
- Resistance increases, current decreases
- Analogy: obstacle course, more obstacles (resistance) mean slower runners (lower current)
- Increasing resistance methods:
- Connecting more loads in series
- Making a conductor longer
- Making a conductor thinner
- Using a material with higher resistance
Second Relationship
- Resistance decreases, current increases
- Analogy: obstacle course, fewer obstacles (lower resistance) mean faster runners (higher current)
- Decreasing resistance methods:
- Connecting fewer loads in series, or more loads in parallel
- Making a conductor shorter
- Making a conductor thicker
- Using a material with lower resistance
Voltage, Current, and Resistance (Example Data)
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Constant voltage (120V), varying current and resistance
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Light bulb (60W): 0.50A, 240Ω
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Coffee grinder: 1.20A, 100Ω
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Food dehydrator: 4.60A, 26Ω
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Toaster oven: 14.0A, 8.6Ω
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Pattern: higher current, lower resistance (with constant voltage)
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If current stays the same and voltage increases, resistance must also increase.
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If resistance stays the same and voltage increases, current must also increase.
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