28 Questions
What does external validity refer to in the context of experiments?
Applicability of results to other situations and populations
Which theory describes sentence parsing as a step-by-step, bottom-up process?
Garden path theory
What do cue-based retrieval theories of sentence processing focus on?
Storing different parts of a sentence in memory with cues for retrieval
Which aspect of sentence processing involves using cues like noun's gender and thematic role for retrieval?
Cue-based retrieval theories
Why do readers sometimes need extra cognitive resources and time according to Garden path theory?
Due to ambiguities in sentence parsing
What is the main concern of the Dependency Locality Theory (DLT) in sentence processing?
Dependency relations between elements in a sentence
What do offline measures refer to in the context provided?
Measures that are produced by humans upon request
What is one of the advantages of using offline measures like annotations?
They enable crowd-sourcing experiments
Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge in human annotation related to offline signals?
Overwhelming number of annotations
How can response time be useful in the context of cognitive load approximation?
Shorter response time indicates higher uncertainty or difficulty
What does inter-annotator agreement involve in the context of offline signals?
It quantifies the inconsistencies between human annotators
In the maze task described, what presentation method is used for incremental sentence processing?
Word-by-word presentation with forced choice at each position
What technique is used to measure eye movements during natural reading?
Mouse Tracking for Reading (MoTR)
Which of the following is NOT a metric used to understand how people read?
Broca Area activation
What does the Noisy-Channel model describe?
Communication as a process where messages can be altered
Which technique measures neural electrophysiological brain activity?
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
What aspect of reading does the Go-past duration metric measure?
The time spent revisiting words to integrate meaning
What does the late closure principle suggest about language processing?
New material is incorporated into the phrase currently being processed.
Why do people often show a preference for lower attachment sites in language processing?
It follows the grammar constraints of the language.
How does the late closure principle affect sentence parsing?
New items are attached to the immediately preceding phrase.
Which concept refers to the preference of incorporating new material into the phrase currently being processed?
Late closure principle
In language processing, why might new material be syntactically ambiguous?
It can be incorporated into multiple locations in a sentence.
How does the late closure principle affect the building of syntactic representations in language processing?
It favors attaching new material into currently processed phrases.
Which process can influence the retrieval of information in the brain?
Cue similarity
In the activation-based model of sentence processing, how are dependencies of non-adjacent elements created?
Via a content-addressable cue-based retrieval mechanism
What aspect is being considered when checking if a computational model fits well to existing data?
Estimated parameters
What is a key consideration when implementing a theory or model as a computational model?
Using the appropriate computational model framework
Which factor is crucial for determining how the noun fits into the larger sentence structure?
Recency of information in memory
Test your knowledge on measures produced by humans upon request to evaluate cognitive load, along with annotations and rationales. Explore the advantages of response time and crowd-sourcing experiments, as well as understanding types of offline signals like annotation, annotator agreement, and human rationales.
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