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Which perspective emphasizes that international politics is shaped by perceptions, ideas, and cultural experience?

  • Marxism
  • Neoliberalism
  • Constructivism (correct)
  • Realism

    • What is a defining characteristic of a self-help system in international relations?

  • States must depend on their own resources for foreign policy. (correct)
  • States rely on collective security agreements.
  • States act based on mutual cooperation.
  • States can freely share military capabilities.

    • Which of the following trends indicates the decline of hegemony as power disperses globally?

  • Diffusion of Power (correct)
  • Actor Proliferation
  • Stratification
  • Centralization

    • Which war marked a significant victory for Japan, demonstrating its emergence as an industrial power?

    <p>Sino-Japanese War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of contemporary international challenges, which describes problems that cross both international and domestic spheres?

    <p>Intermestic issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key belief of Neoliberalism regarding the international system?

    <p>There is potential for peaceful cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of power distribution is characterized by one dominant state?

    <p>Unipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the fourth wave of terrorism since 1979?

    <p>Motivated by religious extremism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked a turning point in America’s role in global affairs during World War I?

    <p>An increased interventionist stance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the concept of American exceptionalism?

    <p>The U.S. is destined to be a leading power globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle primarily guided U.S. foreign policy before the Second World War?

    <p>Isolationism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a national interest of American foreign policy?

    <p>Military security and advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thomas Jefferson describe the United States as?

    <p>The last best hope of mankind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not identified as a national interest in U.S. foreign policy?

    <p>Isolation from world affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the United States take on after World War II?

    <p>Active promoter of liberal democracy and Western values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the missions of U.S. foreign policy, what is a shared consensus among Americans?

    <p>Pursuing a unified set of missions and principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Iran plan to take on May 8, 2019, that violated the 2015 agreement?

    <p>Increase uranium enrichment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event occurred on May 14, 2019, involving Houthi rebels and Iran?

    <p>Houthi rebels attacked a Saudi oil pipeline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for Trump canceling the military strike that was scheduled after Iran shot down the U.S. drone?

    <p>Concerns about civilian casualties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the May 24, 2019 event involve regarding U.S. troop deployment?

    <p>Deployment of additional 1,500 U.S. troops to the Middle East</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant action did the U.S. take following the attack on two tankers in the Gulf of Oman on June 13, 2019?

    <p>Conducted a secret cyberstrike against Iran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Iran respond after the UK seized an Iranian tanker headed to Syria?

    <p>Seized a British tanker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the U.S. action against Iran regarding uranium enrichment after June 17, 2019?

    <p>Threatened further sanctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the incidents involving Iran in June 2019 is accurate?

    <p>Iran denied any responsibility for the tanker attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key dimensions of foreign policy analysis according to Kenneth Waltz?

    <p>Individual, state, and global dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the organizational process model focus on in foreign policy decision-making?

    <p>The reliance on specified standard operating procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the rational actor model in foreign policy decision-making?

    <p>The focus is on maximizing benefits while minimizing costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a common criticism identified in the 7 sins of American foreign policy?

    <p>Isolationism and lack of international collaboration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the classical realism paradigm in foreign policy?

    <p>The focus on states maximizing their power relative to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the systemic level of foreign policy analysis contribute to understanding international relations?

    <p>By analyzing international power distribution and globalization trends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sin of American foreign policy is specifically characterized by a lack of understanding of foreign cultures?

    <p>Ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the concept of bounded rationality in foreign policy decision-making?

    <p>There are limitations on the time and information available for decision-makers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does structural realism suggest about states in the international system?

    <p>States respond to changes in the international distribution of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is emphasized by liberalism in understanding foreign policy?

    <p>Interdependence among nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to constructivism, what influences foreign policy most significantly?

    <p>Ideas, norms, and identities that are socially constructed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central critique of feminism in international relations?

    <p>It highlights the male dominance in defining identities and interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best summarizes the Marxist perspective on international relations?

    <p>Imperialist expansion is fueled by economic interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of neoclassical realism, what factors condition states' responses to systemic changes?

    <p>Domestic political culture and individual cognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of international relations does the concept of hegemony primarily address?

    <p>The dominance of one state within the international system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of realist theories in international relations?

    <p>International institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Dimensions of FP Analysis

    • Three Images (Kenneth Waltz): A framework for understanding foreign policy decision-making.
      • Individual Level: Examines the individual beliefs, values, and biases of key decision-makers.
      • State Level: Analyzes domestic politics and the influence of sub-state actors like Congress, interest groups, and the bureaucracy on foreign policy.
      • Systemic Level: Investigates the impact of the international system, including power dynamics, globalization trends, and international organizations, on foreign policy decisions.

    Decision-Making Models

    • Rational Actor Model: Decision-makers choose the option that maximizes benefits and minimizes costs.
    • Organizational Process Model: Decision-makers rely on standard operating procedures (SOPs).
    • Bureaucratic Politics Model: Decisions result from bargaining between government agencies with conflicting interests.

    Foreign Policy Paradigms

    • Realism: Focuses on power struggles in an anarchic international system.

      • Classical Realism: States seek to maximize their power.
      • Structural Realism: States adapt to changes in the distribution of power.
      • Neoclassical Realism: Domestic factors can influence how states respond to systemic trends.

    • Liberalism: Values cooperation and international institutions.

      • Emphasizes the importance of domestic actors and institutions in shaping foreign policy.
      • Promoted a belief in interdependence and the spread of democracy.

    • Constructivism: Analyzes how ideas, interests, and norms shape foreign policy.

      • Focuses on the social construction of ideas like democracy and human rights.

    • Marxism: Views capitalism as a driving force behind imperialism.

      • Argue that U.S. hegemony serves the interests of the dominant classes.

    • Feminism: Critiques the male-centric nature of international relations.

      • Highlights the underrepresentation and marginalization of female perspectives in foreign policy.

    U.S. Foreign Policy Missions, Interests, and Principles

    • Missions: Long-term objectives of a country's foreign policy.

      • American Exceptionalism: Belief that the U.S. is fundamentally different and exceptional compared to other nations.
      • Promoting liberal democracy, free market economics, and Western values globally.

    • National Interests: Concrete objectives, including:

      • Power
      • Military Security
      • Economic Strength
      • Ideological Promotion (democracy and capitalism)
      • Morality and the Rule of Law (with a complex record)
      • Cultural Identity

    • Principles: Core beliefs and values that guide foreign policy.

      • Isolationism: The United States primarily focused on its internal affairs and avoided entangling alliances with other nations.
      • Unilateralism: The U.S. often acts independently of other states, without international cooperation.
      • Internationalism: The U.S. engages in a more active and collaborative role on the global stage.
      • Humanitarian Intervention: The U.S. intervenes militarily to stop human rights abuses and alleviate humanitarian crises.

    The U.S. and Iran: A Cycle of Escalation

    • May 8, 2019: The U.S. imposes new sanctions on Iran.
    • May 12, 2019: Four ships, including two Saudi oil tankers, are sabotaged.
    • May 14, 2019: Houthi rebels, supported by Iran, attack a Saudi oil pipeline.
    • May 19, 2019: A rocket lands near the U.S. embassy in Baghdad.
    • May 24, 2019: The U.S. deploys 1,500 troops to the Middle East.
    • June 13, 2019: Two tankers are attacked in the Gulf of Oman.
    • June 17, 2019: Iran announces it will violate the 2015 nuclear deal.
    • June 20, 2019: Iran shoots down a U.S. drone, claiming it was in Iranian airspace.
    • June 20, 2019: The U.S. prepares a military strike but cancels it over concerns about civilian casualties.
    • Aftermath:
      • The U.S. conducts a cyberattack against Iranian infrastructure.
      • The UK seizes an Iranian tanker, leading to Iran's seizure of a British tanker.
      • Iran continues to enrich uranium and escalates tensions in the region.

    The 7 Sins of American Foreign Policy

    • Loch Johnson identified seven flaws in American foreign policy.
      • Ignorance
      • Executive Branch Dominance
      • Excessive Military Emphasis
      • Unilateralism
      • Isolationism
      • Lack of Empathy
      • Arrogance

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