Chapter 8

Oestradiol .

is produced only in females

increases in females by the mid-teens (correct)

is an androgen important in pubertal development

is a sex hormone that is regulated by the amygdala

Which of the following is not a secondary sex characteristic?

Voice deepening

Development of breasts

Female body getting more curves

Ovaries producing hormones to start the menstrual cycle (correct)

In regard to the onset/timing of puberty, who of the following is more at risk for substance use and delinquency?

Late-maturing boys

On-time maturing boys

Early-maturing girls (correct)

Late-maturing girls

Tran is an 8-year-old girl who lives in a Western country in an urban area. If one were to compare the timing of puberty for Tran to the timing of puberty for her ancestral female lineage, one would expect that Tran will experience puberty others did in her family’s history.

younger than Signup and view all the answers

In many traditional cultures, young men are required to demonstrate courage, strength and endurance in their coming-of-age rituals because .

daily life often requires these capacities Signup and view all the answers

What is menarche?

The first occurrence of menstruation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'spermarche' refer to?

The first ejaculation in males Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about eating disorders is most accurate?

Bulimia is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa. Signup and view all the answers

Vanessa sometimes worries about getting fat even though her weight is in the healthy range. Most of the time she has normal eating habits, but sometimes she goes on a diet, counts her kilojoules and avoids carbs. Occasionally she will fast or skip her meals. Vanessa is exhibiting symptoms of .

disordered eating Signup and view all the answers

In the past 10–15 years, what describes young people’s rates of cigarette smoking?

Decreased Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adolescents is LEAST likely to be a heavy drinker?

Cheng, from China Signup and view all the answers

Imogen enjoys spending time with her friends on the weekend. When the group goes to parties, they will smoke pot and drink excessively. Imogen’s pattern of substance use is known as .

social substance use Signup and view all the answers

You recently were watching your nephew, who is 13 years old, try to figure out why his bike’s gears won’t work. You were fascinated by the systematic problem-solving strategies that he used. You remember that just a few months ago he would not have been able to perform at this level of hypothesis testing; instead, he would have most likely tried random solutions haphazardly. According to Piaget, what type of reasoning is he using?

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is the most accurate based on research on formal operational thinking?

The way that formal operational thinking is manifested is likely different across different cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of long-term memory?

It is essentially unlimited. Signup and view all the answers

Jace thinks he is a really good driver. He often speeds on long stretches of highway and doesn’t usually slow down on the curves in the road despite what the signs say. He brags to his friends in the car that he can drive fast because he knows what he is doing. He goes on to say that only bad drivers have accidents. His way of thinking demonstrates .

the personal fable Signup and view all the answers

Sarah loves to watch her grandmother crochet. Sarah’s grandma buys her a crochet hook and helps her complete her own basic crochet patterns. Grandma helps Sarah when she makes mistakes and Sarah moves onto more complex patterns. Sarah continues to consult with her grandmother but starts crocheting on her own. This is an example of .

scaffolding Signup and view all the answers

Students from usually have three types of secondary schools.

Europe Signup and view all the answers

Compared to their peers in some countries, adolescents in Asian countries .

have to take entrance exams for both high school and university Signup and view all the answers

In maths and science, students from consistently score at the top.

Japan and South Korea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an advantage of a school-based apprenticeship?

Direct entry into university Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about work during adolescence?

Few adolescents in New Zealand see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career. Signup and view all the answers

Dr Rose often uses the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in her research. Which of the following is most likely to be the topic of her work?

Changes in emotions between childhood and adolescence Signup and view all the answers

Larson and Richards (1994) compared preadolescents to adolescents and found that the percentage of time experienced as ‘very happy’ .

decreased Signup and view all the answers

When comparing the emotions experienced by American adolescents with those experienced by their parents, researchers found that the adolescents reported feeling more often.

self-conscious Signup and view all the answers

Jane is a new mum who often posts on Facebook about motherhood. She usually posts positive images of her interacting with her baby which contain lots of smiles. She never posts about the sleepless nights or the days when the baby constantly cries. Her friends often comment that she has the perfect baby and things seem to be going really well. Which of the following best describes the self that Jane presents on Facebook?

False self Signup and view all the answers

Research has shown that during adolescence, is most strongly related to global self-esteem.

physical appearance Signup and view all the answers

Charlotte is a typical girl in New Zealand. Based on the research, one would expect her self-esteem to be lowest in .

early adolescence Signup and view all the answers

Kohlberg’s proposition of a universal theory of moral development has been challenged by Shweder and his student, Jensen, who believe that it is impossible to understand moral development unless you understand an individual’s .

cultural worldview Signup and view all the answers

Research on Kohlberg’s stages of moral development .

showed that the stages tended to increase with age, but that few proceeded to Level 3 Signup and view all the answers

Religious faith and practices .

are associated with lower rates of drug use and delinquent behaviour Signup and view all the answers

Kate grew up in a religious environment, with her parents regularly attending services at her local Catholic church and she herself attending a Catholic school. While Kate believes God exists, she does not take part in any regular spiritual disciplines and while she has not attended church for years, Kate still identifies as Catholic. Kate is most likely to be which spiritual type?

Indifferent Signup and view all the answers

In ESM studies, adolescents and their parents spent on average hour(s) together each day in shared activities, and the most common activity was .

0.5 hour; watching television Signup and view all the answers

Conflict in adolescence .

is more frequent between early-maturing adolescents and their parents compared to ‘on-time’ adolescents and their parents Signup and view all the answers

Sanjay is part of a small group of friends, also known as a , who eat lunch together at school every day and socialise with each other on the weekends.

clique Signup and view all the answers

Menna is an adolescent from a Western culture. When asked about the most important feature of her friendships, she is most likely to mention .

sharing personal thoughts and feelings Signup and view all the answers

Bronte, 16, is in a sexual relationship with her boyfriend, Jake. Bronte and Jake will often wag school and have sex at Bronte’s home while her parents are at work. While her parents suspect that Bronte and Jake may be having sex, they are not sure and tend to ignore the situation. Bronte and her family are most likely living in a(n) culture.

semi-restrictive Signup and view all the answers

Research on adolescents’ media use has found that .

more boys than girls report playing electronic games nearly every day Signup and view all the answers

Theo is an adolescent boy who has been in trouble for a number of delinquent acts such as underage drinking, vandalism and trespassing. Researchers who take a biological approach would explain this behaviour as being caused by an immature .

frontal lobe Signup and view all the answers

During high school, Joe was a popular kid who got into trouble when hanging around a group of older friends. One time he even climbed through the window of a bottle shop to steal beer when they had run out at a party. Eventually, Joe got a steady job, got married and had children. He mentioned at his reunion that he regretted the poor choices he had made. According to Moffitt, Joe would be considered a(n) .

adolescent-limited delinquent Signup and view all the answers

Fifteen-year-old Sadreana has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Her treatment is most likely to include .

psychotherapy and antidepressant medications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about depression is TRUE?

Rates of depressed mood rise notably from middle childhood to adolescence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the most important protective factors identified in resilience research, enabling adolescents to overcome the risk factors in their lives?

A caring mentor outside the family Signup and view all the answers

The most important oestrogen is oestradiol and the most important androgen is .

testosterone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes pubertal timing?

Menarche takes place as late as age 15 in some developing countries, due to lack of proper nutrition and medical care. Signup and view all the answers

Puberty rituals .

are declining in many cultures as a consequence of globalisation Signup and view all the answers

For the past 6 months Paige has tried to reduce her weight by not eating any food. She is obsessive about counting kilojoules in any food she does eat and she exercises for at least 1 hour every day. Paige is most likely to have .

an eating disorder Signup and view all the answers

The substance use of an adolescent who drinks alcohol to relieve feelings of sadness and loneliness would be classified as .

medicinal substance use Signup and view all the answers

Compared to the concrete thinking abilities displayed in childhood, the ability to reason in adolescence .

utilises the hypothetical thinking involved in a scientific experiment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the research on formal operational thinking across cultures?

The way that formal operational thinking is manifested is likely different across different cultures. Signup and view all the answers

Compared to his 7-year-old brother, a 14-year-old will have an easier time reading a book and listening to music at the same time because he is more adept at .

tasks that require divided attention Signup and view all the answers

Compared to his brother at university, Jonah is more likely to think that if he starts smoking marijuana, he will be able to quit when he wants to and nothing bad will happen. This way of thinking demonstrates .

the personal fable Signup and view all the answers

After learning to knit a simple scarf with her grandmother’s guidance, Alexis began to knit a jumper while on break from university. She went over to her grandmother’s once when she had a question. By the time Alexis had to go back to university, she had nearly finished the jumper. She finished it a few weeks later while she was back at university, needing only one Skype session to help her. After Alexis finished the jumper, her grandmother mailed her a pattern so she can knit a book bag. This illustrates .

scaffolding Signup and view all the answers

Compared to schools in the West, those in Asian countries .

focus almost exclusively on rote learning Signup and view all the answers

Adolescents in developed countries who work part time .

do not typically see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career Signup and view all the answers

A developmental psychologist would most likely use the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to .

examine changes in emotions at various time points Signup and view all the answers

Adolescents are most likely to exhibit their false selves with .

dating partners Signup and view all the answers

In traditional cultures, girls reach womanhood mainly through .

their biological changes Signup and view all the answers

Research on Kohlberg’s stages of moral development has shown that .

the stage of moral reasoning achieved tends to increase with age Signup and view all the answers

Evelyn attends her local church each week and regularly prays and reads religious texts. Her religious faith is important to her and shapes how she lives her life. She is most likely to have what type of religious worldview?

Religiously committed Signup and view all the answers

In Western countries, conflict with parents .

declines in late adolescence Signup and view all the answers

Who comprises the source of adolescents’ happiest experiences?

Friends Signup and view all the answers

On the basis of anthropological evidence, New Zealand would be considered a(n) culture in terms of its cultural beliefs about the acceptability (or not) of premarital sex.