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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of estradiol in females?
What is the primary function of estradiol in females?
- Stimulate the production of FSH
- Inhibit the release of FSH
- Prevent the formation of primary sex characteristics
- Promote the development of secondary sex characteristics (correct)
How does high levels of estradiol affect the levels of FSH?
How does high levels of estradiol affect the levels of FSH?
- Positively feedback effect leading to increased FSH levels
- Causes secretion of FSH
- No effect on FSH levels
- Negatively feedback effect leading to reduced FSH levels (correct)
What is the consequence of high levels of estradiol on ovulation?
What is the consequence of high levels of estradiol on ovulation?
- Stimulate ovulation
- Have no effect on ovulation
- Prevent ovulation (correct)
- Delay ovulation
Why is estradiol not suitable for use as an oral birth control?
Why is estradiol not suitable for use as an oral birth control?
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How is the oral inactivity of estradiol overcome in oral contraceptive pills?
How is the oral inactivity of estradiol overcome in oral contraceptive pills?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for the contraceptive effect of ethinyl estradiol and mestranol?
What is the primary mechanism of action for the contraceptive effect of ethinyl estradiol and mestranol?
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Study Notes
Estradiol in Females
- Primary function of estradiol in females: regulates growth and development of female sexual characteristics, maintains pregnancy, and regulates menstrual cycle
Effects of High Estradiol Levels
- High levels of estradiol decrease FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) levels via negative feedback mechanism
- Consequence of high estradiol levels on ovulation: inhibits ovulation by preventing LH (luteinizing hormone) surge
Estradiol as Oral Birth Control
- Estradiol is not suitable for use as an oral birth control due to its rapid metabolism and inactivation in the liver, resulting in low bioavailability
- Oral inactivity of estradiol is overcome in oral contraceptive pills by:
- Alkylation at C17 position, which reduces first-pass metabolism and increases bioavailability
- Conversion of estradiol to ethinyl estradiol and mestranol, which are more resistant to metabolism
Contraceptive Effect of Ethinyl Estradiol and Mestranol
- Primary mechanism of action for contraceptive effect: inhibition of ovulation by suppressing FSH and LH secretion, and thickening of cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate
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