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Questions and Answers
Which type of oesophageal cancer is the least common worldwide?
What is often a significant precursor to developing oesophageal adenocarcinoma?
Which of the following conditions is categorized as pre-malignant regarding oesophageal cancer?
In which section of the oesophagus does squamous cell carcinoma most frequently occur?
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Which cellular feature is not typically associated with Barrett’s oesophagus?
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What clinical feature is common in the macroscopic presentation of oesophageal adenocarcinoma?
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What percentage of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are at risk of Barrett’s oesophagus?
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Which marker is commonly increased in the context of oesophageal dysplasia?
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Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
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What is the yearly risk percentage of developing adenocarcinoma for those diagnosed with Barrett’s oesophagus?
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What is the 5-year survival rate for oesophageal cancer with lymph node metastases?
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In which condition is the risk of adjacent carcinoma the highest?
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What percentage of patients with oesophageal cancer present with lymph node metastases?
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What is the most common histological subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma?
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What molecular marker is often evaluated in adenocarcinoma to tailor treatment options?
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What is a common pathway from low-grade dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma?
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Which condition is most commonly associated with Barrett’s oesophagus?
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Which subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with the worst prognosis?
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Which molecular marker is integral for assessing immunotherapy response in gastric cancers?
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What is the typical progression from Barrett’s oesophagus to cancer?
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Study Notes
Oesophageal Cancer
- Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oesophageal cancer worldwide.
- Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of oesophageal cancer in developed countries.
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GERD) is the primary risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Dysplasia is a pre-malignant condition associated with oesophageal cancer.
- Squamous cell carcinoma is more likely to occur in the middle third of the oesophagus.
- Columnar epithelium with goblet cells is a histological feature associated with Barrett's oesophagus.
- p53 is a marker commonly increased in cases of oesophageal dysplasia.
- Barrett's oesophagus is almost always present before adenocarcinoma develops in the oesophagus.
- Ulcerating and infiltrating masses are a macroscopic feature associated with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
- 1-3% of patients with GERD develop Barrett's oesophagus.
- The yearly risk of developing adenocarcinoma for patients with Barrett's oesophagus is 0.5-1%.
- Adenocarcinoma is most commonly found in the lower third of the oesophagus.
- Dysplastic squamous cells invade the oesophageal submucosa and deeper layers in squamous cell carcinoma.
- Ulcer or mass is a common macroscopic appearance of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Alcohol, Vitamin deficiencies, and tobacco smoke are risk factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
- The 5-year survival rate for oesophageal cancer with lymph node metastases is 30-40%.
- The risk of adjacent carcinoma is highest in high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus.
- 60% of patients with oesophageal cancer present with lymph node metastases.
Gastric Cancer
- Intestinal type is the most common histological subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma.
- MMR status is a molecular marker often evaluated in adenocarcinoma to tailor treatment options.
- Chronic inflammation → High-grade dysplasia → Invasive carcinoma is a common pathway from low-grade dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
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Description
Explore the key aspects of oesophageal cancer, including its common types, risk factors, and histological features. Understand the critical role of conditions like GERD and Barrett's oesophagus in the development of cancer. This quiz will test your knowledge on the epidemiology and pathology associated with this disease.
