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Questions and Answers
What was the nature of the crowd that gathered from Erebus?
What was the nature of the crowd that gathered from Erebus?
- Spirits of the dead, including brides and youths (correct)
- Warriors returning from a battle
- Mythical creatures seeking vengeance
- Living beings celebrating a festival
What action did the speaker take regarding the sheep?
What action did the speaker take regarding the sheep?
- He flayed and burned them as a sacrifice (correct)
- He invited other spirits to consume them
- He set them free to roam
- He buried them to honor the deceased
What was the condition imposed by the speaker before allowing the dead to approach the blood?
What was the condition imposed by the speaker before allowing the dead to approach the blood?
- To answer questions from Teiresias (correct)
- To perform a ritual dance
- To make offerings to the gods
- To recite an incantation
What feeling seized the speaker upon witnessing the spirits?
What feeling seized the speaker upon witnessing the spirits?
Which divine figures were invoked in the speaker's prayers?
Which divine figures were invoked in the speaker's prayers?
What does the mention of 'blood-stained armour' signify in this context?
What does the mention of 'blood-stained armour' signify in this context?
From which literary work is the mentioned scene primarily derived?
From which literary work is the mentioned scene primarily derived?
What type of characters are described as ‘toil-worn old men’?
What type of characters are described as ‘toil-worn old men’?
What does the speaker request to be done with his armor?
What does the speaker request to be done with his armor?
What does the speaker ask to be placed on the mound in memory of him?
What does the speaker ask to be placed on the mound in memory of him?
Who does the speaker converses with while holding a sword over the blood?
Who does the speaker converses with while holding a sword over the blood?
Whose spirit does Odysseus encounter during his journey?
Whose spirit does Odysseus encounter during his journey?
What is the purpose of the mound requested by the speaker?
What is the purpose of the mound requested by the speaker?
In which book does the speaker express his sad request?
In which book does the speaker express his sad request?
Who is the daughter of great-hearted Autolycus mentioned in the context?
Who is the daughter of great-hearted Autolycus mentioned in the context?
What emotion is prevalent in the conversation between the speaker and his comrade's phantom?
What emotion is prevalent in the conversation between the speaker and his comrade's phantom?
What does the speaker inquire about regarding the cause of death?
What does the speaker inquire about regarding the cause of death?
Which character is mentioned as holding the speaker's demesne?
Which character is mentioned as holding the speaker's demesne?
How does the speaker's mother describe her emotional state?
How does the speaker's mother describe her emotional state?
What conditions does the father endure while waiting for the speaker’s return?
What conditions does the father endure while waiting for the speaker’s return?
What must one do to receive truthful prophecies from the dead according to the content?
What must one do to receive truthful prophecies from the dead according to the content?
What does the speaker seek information about regarding his wedded wife?
What does the speaker seek information about regarding his wedded wife?
Who is the well-known Theban spirit mentioned in the context that offers prophecies?
Who is the well-known Theban spirit mentioned in the context that offers prophecies?
What imagery is used to describe the father's living conditions during winter?
What imagery is used to describe the father's living conditions during winter?
What does the speaker wish to know about his honor?
What does the speaker wish to know about his honor?
What challenge is described regarding the realms of the dead?
What challenge is described regarding the realms of the dead?
What does the mother of the speaker express upon recognition?
What does the mother of the speaker express upon recognition?
Which season is mentioned as a time when the father has more comforts?
Which season is mentioned as a time when the father has more comforts?
What statement correctly indicates the speaker's journey?
What statement correctly indicates the speaker's journey?
What is the relationship between the speaker and the woman he speaks to in the underworld?
What is the relationship between the speaker and the woman he speaks to in the underworld?
What necessity brought the speaker to the house of Hades?
What necessity brought the speaker to the house of Hades?
Which hero is specifically mentioned as having fought against the Trojans?
Which hero is specifically mentioned as having fought against the Trojans?
What notable characteristics did Otus and Ephialtes possess?
What notable characteristics did Otus and Ephialtes possess?
Which offspring of Poseidon did Iphimedeia bear?
Which offspring of Poseidon did Iphimedeia bear?
What did Otus and Ephialtes plan to do against the immortals in Olympus?
What did Otus and Ephialtes plan to do against the immortals in Olympus?
What fate awaited Otus and Ephialtes before they could reach manhood?
What fate awaited Otus and Ephialtes before they could reach manhood?
Who was the daughter of Minos mentioned in the passage?
Who was the daughter of Minos mentioned in the passage?
Which character was responsible for the death of Ariadne?
Which character was responsible for the death of Ariadne?
What motivated Eriphyle's betrayal of her lord?
What motivated Eriphyle's betrayal of her lord?
Who were the sons of Aloeus said to threaten the gods?
Who were the sons of Aloeus said to threaten the gods?
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Study Notes
Odysseus's Descent to the Underworld
- Odysseus, accompanied by his crew, travels to the Underworld to consult the prophet Tiresias
- He sacrifices a black ram and ewe to the gods of the underworld, Hades and Persephone
- Odysseus's companions fear the sights and sounds of the dead
- Odysseus's mother, Anticleia, recognizes him after drinking the blood of the sacrifice
Anticleia's Account of Ithaca
- Anticleia explains that his wife Penelope remains faithful to him and mourns his absence
- Telemachus manages their estate and is well-respected in Ithaca
- Odysseus's father, Laertes, lives in a frugal state and grieves over his son's absence
- Anticleia reveals that she was killed by disease
Other Notable Characters in the Underworld
- Odysseus encounters the spirit of Iphimedeia, wife of Aloeus, who reveals the story of her sons, Otus and Ephialtes
- He sees Phaedra, Procris, and Ariadne, each with their own tragic tales
- He also encounters Maera, Clymene, and the hated Eriphyle, who betrayed her husband for gold
- Odysseus encounters a large number of heroines in the Underworld, but cannot name them all
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