59 Questions
Which imaging technique is used to differentiate between venules and arterial capillaries?
Fluorescein angiography
Which of the following can OCT scans assist in determining about a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)?
Both presence and completeness of PVD
What causes vitreomacular traction (VMT)?
Vitreous syneresis
What can develop within the macula due to vitreomacular traction?
Intraretinal cysts
What is the result of traction from the posterior face of the vitreous in VMT?
Both retinal distortion and cystoid macular edema
Which layer of the retina is highlighted in green in the image?
Ganglion Cell Layer
Which layer of the retina is highlighted in red in the image?
Inner Plexiform Layer
Which layer of the retina is composed of two distinct major bands?
Outer Plexiform Layer
Which layer of the retina forms part of the RPE cells' basement membrane?
External Limiting Membrane
Which layer of the retina is thicker within the fovea due to a greater number of photoreceptor nuclei?
Outer Segments of the Photoreceptors
Which retinal structure remains between the lamellar macular hole and the RPE?
RNFL
What causes severe retinal thickening in VMT through the fovea?
Traction from the vitreous
What is the distinguishing feature between the epiretinal membrane (ERM) and the RNFL?
Brightness on OCT
What is the green line in the fundus photograph used for?
Locating the OCT scan
Where does the ERM likely extend beyond in the superior macula?
Section identified by the green line
Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'highly reflective white band' in the OCT image?
Nerve Fiber Layer
What is the name of the layer that is labeled as a 'thin dark gray band' in the OCT image?
Inner Nuclear Layer
Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'broad white band' in the OCT image?
RPE
What is the name of the layer that is labeled as a 'dark irregular region' in the OCT image?
Choriocapillaris
Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'bright white band' in the OCT image?
Inner / Outer Segment Junction
Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'thin dark gray band' in the OCT image?
Inner nuclear layer
What is the distinguishing feature between the epiretinal membrane (ERM) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)?
Brightness
Which retinal structure remains between the lamellar macular hole and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)?
Photoreceptor layer
Where does the epiretinal membrane (ERM) likely extend beyond in the superior macula?
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
What causes severe retinal thickening in vitreomacular traction (VMT) through the fovea?
Macular edema
Which layers of the retina are primarily affected by the intraretinal cysts in wet macular degeneration?
All of the above
What is the cause of the subretinal fluid seen in wet macular degeneration?
Choroidal neovascularization
What is the distinguishing feature between intraretinal cysts and outer retinal holes on OCT images?
Associated thickening of the retina
What is the cause of outer retinal holes in the patient with solar retinopathy?
Damage from sun gazing
What do white intraretinal dots and larger aggregates represent in diabetic retinopathy?
Lipid or hard exudates
Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'shaded green' in the OCT image?
Outer nuclear layer
What is the distinguishing feature between a lamellar macular hole and a full-thickness macular hole?
The lamellar macular hole is characterized by a discontinuity of the inner nuclear layer, while the full-thickness macular hole is not.
What is the pathogenic mechanism believed to be involved in the development of macular holes?
Vitreomacular traction
What is the name of the layer that is labeled as a 'shaded orange' in the OCT image?
Inner nuclear layer
What is the distinguishing feature between cystoid macular edema (CME) and subretinal fluid accumulation?
CME is associated with intraretinal cysts, while subretinal fluid accumulation is not.
Which layer of the retina is located above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)?
Photoreceptor layer
What is the term used to describe drusen that are located below the RPE?
Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments (drusenoid PEDs)
What is the distinguishing feature of soft drusen?
Poorly defined or indiscrete margins
Which term is used to describe larger soft drusen where the RPE is visibly detached?
Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments
What is the distinguishing feature between dry macular degeneration and wet macular degeneration?
Loss of RPE and photoreceptors
In wet AMD, where is the choroidal neovascularization located in relation to the RPE?
Underneath the RPE
Which layer of the retina is commonly affected in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?
Photoreceptor inner and outer segments
Which term describes the areas of discontinuity in the shaded red line in the OCT image of dry macular degeneration?
Partial loss of photoreceptors
Which layer of the retina is the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) a part of?
Bruch's membrane
Which structures are shaded purple in the upper OCT image of the patient?
PED
What is the cause of the subretinal fluid seen in wet macular degeneration?
Choroidal neovascularization
What is the distinguishing feature between a lamellar macular hole and a full-thickness macular hole?
Loss of junction between inner and outer segments of photoreceptors
What is the distinguishing feature between the epiretinal membrane (ERM) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)?
Disruption of the inner limiting membrane
What is the pathogenic mechanism believed to be involved in the development of macular holes?
Vitreomacular traction
What is the name of the layer that is labeled as a 'dark irregular region' in the OCT image?
Subretinal fibrosis
Which retinal pathology is NOT present in the patient?
Epiretinal membrane
What is the cause of the subretinal fluid seen in the patient?
Debris below the RPE
What is the distinguishing feature between the drusenoid PEDs and the drusen?
Location on the OCT image
What retinal pathology is visible on both the fundus image and the OCT image?
Drusenoid PEDs
What is the cause of the visibly thinned photoreceptor outer nuclear layer?
Drusenoid PEDs
What is the distinguishing feature between the OCT images of the macular hole?
Slice location
What retinal pathology is NOT present in the patient?
Choroidal neovascularization
What is the cause of the visible debris below the level of the RPE?
Debris from ERM
What is the distinguishing feature between the OCT images of the patient?
Location of drusenoid PEDs
Test your knowledge of OCT scans and their ability to differentiate between venules and arterial capillaries. Learn about the visibility of the posterior face of the vitreous and its role in detecting posterior vitreous detachments. Take the quiz now!
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