OCT Scans and Vitreous Detachments

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Questions and Answers

Which imaging technique is used to differentiate between venules and arterial capillaries?

  • Ultrasound
  • OCT scan
  • MRI scan
  • Fluorescein angiography (correct)

Which of the following can OCT scans assist in determining about a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)?

  • Presence of PVD
  • Completeness of PVD
  • Both presence and completeness of PVD (correct)
  • None of the above

What causes vitreomacular traction (VMT)?

  • PVD
  • Vitreous syneresis (correct)
  • Retinal thickening
  • Cystoid macular edema

What can develop within the macula due to vitreomacular traction?

<p>Intraretinal cysts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of traction from the posterior face of the vitreous in VMT?

<p>Both retinal distortion and cystoid macular edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is highlighted in green in the image?

<p>Ganglion Cell Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is highlighted in red in the image?

<p>Inner Plexiform Layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is composed of two distinct major bands?

<p>Outer Plexiform Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina forms part of the RPE cells' basement membrane?

<p>External Limiting Membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is thicker within the fovea due to a greater number of photoreceptor nuclei?

<p>Outer Segments of the Photoreceptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which retinal structure remains between the lamellar macular hole and the RPE?

<p>RNFL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes severe retinal thickening in VMT through the fovea?

<p>Traction from the vitreous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between the epiretinal membrane (ERM) and the RNFL?

<p>Brightness on OCT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the green line in the fundus photograph used for?

<p>Locating the OCT scan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the ERM likely extend beyond in the superior macula?

<p>Section identified by the green line (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'highly reflective white band' in the OCT image?

<p>Nerve Fiber Layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer that is labeled as a 'thin dark gray band' in the OCT image?

<p>Inner Nuclear Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'broad white band' in the OCT image?

<p>RPE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer that is labeled as a 'dark irregular region' in the OCT image?

<p>Choriocapillaris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'bright white band' in the OCT image?

<p>Inner / Outer Segment Junction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'thin dark gray band' in the OCT image?

<p>Inner nuclear layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between the epiretinal membrane (ERM) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)?

<p>Brightness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which retinal structure remains between the lamellar macular hole and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)?

<p>Photoreceptor layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the epiretinal membrane (ERM) likely extend beyond in the superior macula?

<p>Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes severe retinal thickening in vitreomacular traction (VMT) through the fovea?

<p>Macular edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layers of the retina are primarily affected by the intraretinal cysts in wet macular degeneration?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the subretinal fluid seen in wet macular degeneration?

<p>Choroidal neovascularization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between intraretinal cysts and outer retinal holes on OCT images?

<p>Associated thickening of the retina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of outer retinal holes in the patient with solar retinopathy?

<p>Damage from sun gazing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do white intraretinal dots and larger aggregates represent in diabetic retinopathy?

<p>Lipid or hard exudates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is labeled as a 'shaded green' in the OCT image?

<p>Outer nuclear layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between a lamellar macular hole and a full-thickness macular hole?

<p>The lamellar macular hole is characterized by a discontinuity of the inner nuclear layer, while the full-thickness macular hole is not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenic mechanism believed to be involved in the development of macular holes?

<p>Vitreomacular traction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer that is labeled as a 'shaded orange' in the OCT image?

<p>Inner nuclear layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between cystoid macular edema (CME) and subretinal fluid accumulation?

<p>CME is associated with intraretinal cysts, while subretinal fluid accumulation is not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is located above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)?

<p>Photoreceptor layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe drusen that are located below the RPE?

<p>Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments (drusenoid PEDs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of soft drusen?

<p>Poorly defined or indiscrete margins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe larger soft drusen where the RPE is visibly detached?

<p>Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between dry macular degeneration and wet macular degeneration?

<p>Loss of RPE and photoreceptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In wet AMD, where is the choroidal neovascularization located in relation to the RPE?

<p>Underneath the RPE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is commonly affected in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

<p>Photoreceptor inner and outer segments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the areas of discontinuity in the shaded red line in the OCT image of dry macular degeneration?

<p>Partial loss of photoreceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina is the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) a part of?

<p>Bruch's membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are shaded purple in the upper OCT image of the patient?

<p>PED (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the subretinal fluid seen in wet macular degeneration?

<p>Choroidal neovascularization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between a lamellar macular hole and a full-thickness macular hole?

<p>Loss of junction between inner and outer segments of photoreceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between the epiretinal membrane (ERM) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)?

<p>Disruption of the inner limiting membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenic mechanism believed to be involved in the development of macular holes?

<p>Vitreomacular traction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer that is labeled as a 'dark irregular region' in the OCT image?

<p>Subretinal fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which retinal pathology is NOT present in the patient?

<p>Epiretinal membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the subretinal fluid seen in the patient?

<p>Debris below the RPE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between the drusenoid PEDs and the drusen?

<p>Location on the OCT image (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What retinal pathology is visible on both the fundus image and the OCT image?

<p>Drusenoid PEDs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the visibly thinned photoreceptor outer nuclear layer?

<p>Drusenoid PEDs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between the OCT images of the macular hole?

<p>Slice location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What retinal pathology is NOT present in the patient?

<p>Choroidal neovascularization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the visible debris below the level of the RPE?

<p>Debris from ERM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between the OCT images of the patient?

<p>Location of drusenoid PEDs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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