Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the color of the solution when Cr³⁺ reacts with excess NH₃?
Which Fe ion forms a yellow solution?
What is the color of Cu²⁺ in solution?
Which ion forms a pale pink solution?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the charge on the Fe ion that can be oxidized with MnO₄⁻ in acidic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which transition metal forms a purple solution with excess NH₃?
Signup and view all the answers
Which transition metal forms a brown precipitate with OH⁻ ions?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the color of Fe²⁺ when oxidized to Fe³⁺?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the color of the precipitate formed by Cu²⁺ with OH⁻ ions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ion forms a green solution followed by a green precipitate when reacting with NH₃?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Transition Elements Properties
- Transition metals are elements in the d-block of the periodic table that form one or more stable ions with a partially filled d-orbital.
- They lose electrons to form positive ions, with the s-orbital electrons being removed first.
- Transition metals have similar physical properties, including similar atomic radius, high densities, and high melting points.
- They also have special chemical properties: forming complexes, forming colored ions in solution, having variable oxidation states, and being good catalysts.
Variable Oxidation States
- Transition metals have variable oxidation states because the 4s and 3d orbitals are very close in energy levels.
- This makes it possible for electrons to be lost from both orbitals relatively easily, and the remaining electrons can form stable configurations.
Catalysts
- Cu²⁺ is used as a catalyst for the reaction of Zn with acids.
- MnO₂ is used as a catalyst for the decomposition of H₂O₂.
- Using catalysts in industry reduces energy usage, but there is also an increased risk from toxicity of many transition metals.
Complexes and Ligands
- Transition metals form complexes, consisting of a central metal ion surrounded by ligands.
- Ligands are molecules or ions with a lone electron pair that is able to form a dative (coordinate) bond to the central metal ion by donation of this electron pair.
- Common ligands include Cl⁻, H₂O, and NH₃.
Types of Ligands
- Monodentate ligands each form one coordinate bond (e.g., H₂O, Cl⁻, NH₃).
- Bidentate ligands each form two coordinate bonds (e.g., NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂).
- Hexadentate ligands each form six coordinate bonds (e.g., EDTA⁴⁻).
- Polydentate and multidentate ligands are general terms for any ligands that form more than one coordinate bond.
Coordination Number
- The coordination number of a transition metal complex is the total number of coordinate bonds formed with the central metal ion.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Detailed notes for Module 5.3 on Transition Elements in OCR A Chemistry A-level. The notes cover properties of transition elements, such as forming stable ions with partially filled d-orbitals and losing electrons to form positive ions. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
