Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the composition of HbA2?
What is the composition of HbA2?
- 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
- 2 alpha and 2 delta chains (correct)
- 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains
- 3 alpha and 1 beta chains
How long does a red blood cell (RBC) last?
How long does a red blood cell (RBC) last?
- 1 month
- 6 months
- 3 months (correct)
- 12 months
What is the composition of fetal Hb (HbF)?
What is the composition of fetal Hb (HbF)?
- 2 alpha and 2 delta chains
- 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains (correct)
- 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
- 3 alpha and 1 beta chains
How much of HbA2 do most adults have?
How much of HbA2 do most adults have?
What is the main treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning?
What is the main treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning?
What is the normal hemoglobin (Hb) level considered good?
What is the normal hemoglobin (Hb) level considered good?
In which patients would packed red blood cells be administered?
In which patients would packed red blood cells be administered?
What happens to Hb level in normal people when it goes below the 70s?
What happens to Hb level in normal people when it goes below the 70s?
What is the main function of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?
What is the main function of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?
What is the Bohr effect related to in the context of CO2 transport?
What is the Bohr effect related to in the context of CO2 transport?
What happens at the level of the lungs when O2 comes into red blood cells?
What happens at the level of the lungs when O2 comes into red blood cells?
What is the main consequence of high levels of O2 in the body?
What is the main consequence of high levels of O2 in the body?
What is the main risk associated with high O2 levels in infants?
What is the main risk associated with high O2 levels in infants?
What happens to the partial pressure of nitrogen in the blood with diving?
What happens to the partial pressure of nitrogen in the blood with diving?
What is the main concern when ascending from a deep dive?
What is the main concern when ascending from a deep dive?
What is the primary cause of vaso-occlusive crisis and tissue infarction in sickle cell anemia?
What is the primary cause of vaso-occlusive crisis and tissue infarction in sickle cell anemia?
What leads to the sickling of hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia?
What leads to the sickling of hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia?
At what gestational age is dating ultrasound for pregnant women best done?
At what gestational age is dating ultrasound for pregnant women best done?
Which unique pathways are involved in fetal circulation to bypass the liver and lungs?
Which unique pathways are involved in fetal circulation to bypass the liver and lungs?
What may the closure of the foramen ovale lead to in some cases?
What may the closure of the foramen ovale lead to in some cases?
How does the cry of a newborn impact circulation?
How does the cry of a newborn impact circulation?
How does oxygen transport occur in the blood?
How does oxygen transport occur in the blood?
Which external factors can shift the O2-Hb dissociation curve to the right, facilitating O2 release?
Which external factors can shift the O2-Hb dissociation curve to the right, facilitating O2 release?
How does fetal hemoglobin differ from adult hemoglobin in terms of the dissociation curve?
How does fetal hemoglobin differ from adult hemoglobin in terms of the dissociation curve?
What are the potential effects of carbon monoxide poisoning on oxygen transport?
What are the potential effects of carbon monoxide poisoning on oxygen transport?
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Study Notes
Understanding Fetal Circulation, Oxygen Transport, and Sickle Cell Anemia
- Sickle cell anemia causes abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) production leading to vaso-occlusive crisis and tissue infarction
- A single amino acid change in the beta chain of Hb causes it to sickle under stress
- Dating ultrasound for pregnant women is best done at or after 8 weeks of gestational age
- Fetal circulation includes unique pathways like the ductus venosus and foramen ovale to bypass liver and lungs
- The closure of the foramen ovale may take up to a year, leading to potential atrial septal defects
- The cry of a newborn helps establish good blood flow through circulation
- Oxygen transport occurs via reversible reactions in the blood, facilitated by hemoglobin
- External factors such as pH, CO2 levels, and temperature can shift the O2-Hb dissociation curve
- High CO levels, low pH, and high temperature shift the curve to the right, facilitating O2 release
- Low CO levels, high pH, and low temperature shift the curve to the left, promoting O2 binding
- Fetal hemoglobin has less 2,3-BPG enzyme, shifting its dissociation curve to the left
- Carbon monoxide poisoning can lead to cherry red lips and nearly complete Hb saturation, impacting oxygen transport.
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