20 Questions
Which one of the following is a correct statement about foetal circulation?
The foetal circulation is modified by three shunts to avoid the lungs and the liver.
Which blood vessel carries oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the foetus?
Umbilical vein
What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?
It closes and becomes structurally closed by 4 months.
What is the consequence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO)?
It may cause paradoxical emboli.
What causes the closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth?
Increased oxygen and fall in prostaglandins.
What happens to the umbilical vein after birth?
It obliterates and becomes the ligamentum venosum.
Which process is responsible for turning the bilaminar disc into a trilaminar disc?
Gastrulation
What is the name of the cavity within the blastocyst?
Blastocele
Which germ layer forms the neural plate?
Ectoderm
What is the name of the structure that grows from the primitive pit and induces changes in the overlying ectoderm?
Notochord
Which part of the mesoderm will differentiate into somites?
Paraxial mesoderm
What is the name of the process by which cells move through the primitive streak during gastrulation?
Epiblast migration
Which part of the blastocyst contains the inner cell mass?
One pole
What is the name of the structure that appears on day 14 and marks the beginning of gastrulation?
Primitive streak
Which one of the following statements about fetal circulation is correct?
Fetal circulation does not involve mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Which one of the following statements about the circulation of blood in the fetus and placenta is correct?
Blood circulation in the fetus and placenta does not involve mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Which one of the following statements about the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and ductus venosus is correct?
The foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and ductus venosus are involved in the circulation of blood in the fetus.
Which one of the following statements about the changes in the circulation of blood in the fetus at the time of birth is correct?
The circulation of blood in the fetus becomes more similar to adult circulation at the time of birth.
Which one of the following statements about the consequences of non-closure of foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus is correct?
Non-closure of foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus can lead to abnormal blood flow in the fetus.
Which one of the following statements about the development of trilaminar disc, the 3 germ layers (ecto, endo and mesoderm), and folding is correct?
The development of trilaminar disc, the 3 germ layers, and folding is important for the proper formation of fetal circulation.
Study Notes
Foetal Circulation
- The umbilical vein carries oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the foetus.
- The foramen ovale closes after birth, and failure to close results in a patent foramen ovale (PFO).
- A PFO can cause oxygenated blood from the left atrium to flow back to the right atrium, leading to hypoxia.
- The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased oxygen levels.
Embryonic Development
- The process of gastrulation turns the bilaminar disc into a trilaminar disc.
- The cavity within the blastocyst is called the blastocoel.
- The neural plate is formed from the ectoderm germ layer.
- The primitive streak grows from the primitive pit and induces changes in the overlying ectoderm.
- The mesoderm will differentiate into somites.
- During gastrulation, cells move through the primitive streak through a process called ingression.
- The blastocyst contains the inner cell mass in the embryoblast.
- The primitive streak appears on day 14 and marks the beginning of gastrulation.
Test your knowledge on fetal circulation and the functions of key structures such as the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. This quiz will assess your understanding of how blood circulates through the fetal heart and the overall circulation in the fetus and placenta.
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