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Questions and Answers
What is the estimated percentage of all emergency department presentations that are accounted for by hand and wrist injuries?
What is the estimated percentage of all emergency department presentations that are accounted for by hand and wrist injuries?
10% to 30%
Mismanagement of hand and wrist injuries can lead to a faster recovery.
Mismanagement of hand and wrist injuries can lead to a faster recovery.
False
What is the primary goal of occupational therapy for hand and wrist conditions?
What is the primary goal of occupational therapy for hand and wrist conditions?
What are the two main components of hand function?
What are the two main components of hand function?
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What does dexterity involve?
What does dexterity involve?
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Which of the following is an example of bilateral coordination?
Which of the following is an example of bilateral coordination?
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What is the main goal of fine motor skill functions?
What is the main goal of fine motor skill functions?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a fine motor skill task?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fine motor skill task?
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Hand-eye coordination is essential for tasks like drawing.
Hand-eye coordination is essential for tasks like drawing.
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What is the most common problem associated with reduced strength in hand and wrist function?
What is the most common problem associated with reduced strength in hand and wrist function?
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What are contractures?
What are contractures?
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Poor dexterity can make it difficult to perform activities like buttoning, writing, or using utensils.
Poor dexterity can make it difficult to perform activities like buttoning, writing, or using utensils.
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Which of the following is a common problem associated with impaired coordination?
Which of the following is a common problem associated with impaired coordination?
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What does proprioception refer to?
What does proprioception refer to?
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Chronic pain can be caused by conditions like arthritis.
Chronic pain can be caused by conditions like arthritis.
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What can lead to post-surgical pain?
What can lead to post-surgical pain?
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Which of the following can affect movement and sensation in the hand and wrist?
Which of the following can affect movement and sensation in the hand and wrist?
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Cerebral palsy only affects muscle coordination, not control.
Cerebral palsy only affects muscle coordination, not control.
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What is a significant psycho-social factor that can hinder recovery?
What is a significant psycho-social factor that can hinder recovery?
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What is the primary focus of occupational therapy for hand function?
What is the primary focus of occupational therapy for hand function?
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What are the key components assessed during the evaluation of hand function?
What are the key components assessed during the evaluation of hand function?
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Occupational therapists set goals for patients independently, without their input.
Occupational therapists set goals for patients independently, without their input.
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What is the purpose of therapy putty?
What is the purpose of therapy putty?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of hand gripper used for strengthening?
Which of the following is NOT a type of hand gripper used for strengthening?
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What are some examples of manipulative tasks used for dexterity training?
What are some examples of manipulative tasks used for dexterity training?
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Which of the following is an example of a precision tool used for dexterity training?
Which of the following is an example of a precision tool used for dexterity training?
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Two-handed tasks involve using only one hand.
Two-handed tasks involve using only one hand.
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What are ergonomic tools designed to do?
What are ergonomic tools designed to do?
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What is the purpose of assistive devices?
What is the purpose of assistive devices?
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Breaking down tasks into smaller steps is a technique known as:
Breaking down tasks into smaller steps is a technique known as:
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Gradual progression involves decreasing the difficulty of tasks as skills improve.
Gradual progression involves decreasing the difficulty of tasks as skills improve.
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What is the main objective of patient education in occupational therapy?
What is the main objective of patient education in occupational therapy?
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Family involvement in therapy is discouraged as it can be disruptive.
Family involvement in therapy is discouraged as it can be disruptive.
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Study Notes
Occupational Therapy for Hand, Wrist, and Fine Motor Skills Conditions
- Hand and wrist injuries account for 10-30% of emergency department visits.
- Most uncomplicated injuries heal completely, but proper assessment and treatment are crucial to prevent delayed recovery and associated costs.
- Occupational therapists play a vital role in assessing and treating upper limb conditions.
- Their goal is to enable adjustments to daily life and prevent functional loss.
Hand Function
- Grip strength: The force used to hold objects securely.
- Dexterity: The skillful use of fingers for complex tasks.
- Bilateral coordination: Using both hands simultaneously, one hand stabilizing while the other manipulates.
Fine Motor Skills Function
- Fine motor skills involve small muscles in the hand and fingers to perform tasks such as:
- Grasping and manipulating objects (e.g., picking up small items, writing).
- Hand-eye coordination (integrating visual information with hand movements, crucial for tasks like drawing).
- Precision tasks (requiring accuracy, e.g., buttoning shirts, cutting with scissors).
Most Common Problems in Hand and Wrist Function
-
Reduced Strength:
- Weak grip: Difficulty holding or manipulating objects.
- Fatigue: Quick exhaustion during tasks needing hand use.
-
Decreased/Limited Range of Motion:
- Joint stiffness: Restrictions in bending or straightening fingers and wrists.
- Contractures: Shortened muscles or tendons hindering movement.
-
Poor Dexterity:
- Inability to perform fine motor tasks (e.g., difficulty with buttoning, writing, using utensils).
- Clumsiness: Lack of precision when manipulating small objects.
-
Impaired Coordination:
- Bilateral coordination issues: Difficulty using both hands effectively.
- Hand-eye coordination problems: Challenges in integrating visual information with hand movements.
-
Sensory Deficits:
- Decreased tactile sensitivity: Reduced ability to feel textures, impacting grip and manipulation.
- Proprioceptive issues: Difficulty knowing the hands' position in space, affecting control during tasks.
-
Pain or Discomfort:
- Chronic pain: Pain associated with conditions like arthritis during movements.
- Post-surgical pain: Discomfort following injuries or surgeries, potentially limiting function.
Injury or Trauma
- Fractures: Bone breaks leading to long-term functional issues.
- Tendon or nerve injuries: Affecting movement and sensation.
Neurological Conditions
- Stroke: Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body.
- Cerebral palsy: Affecting muscle control and coordination.
Psycho-social Factors
- Motivation and confidence issues: Fear of using hands, delaying progress.
Occupational Therapy Interventions
- Assessment: Evaluate hand function (strength, range of motion, dexterity, coordination). Collaborate with patients to establish specific, measurable objectives related to daily tasks.
- Intervention Techniques: include strengthening exercises (e.g., therapy putty, hand grippers), dexterity activities (e.g., beading, threading, using tools like tweezers), coordination and bilateral activities (e.g., two-handed tasks, fine motor games), ergonomic tools (modifying utensils or writing instruments), assistive devices (writing grips or specialized keyboards), task modification (simplifying tasks), and gradual progression (increasing task complexity).
- Education and Training: Involve patients and caregivers in therapy to reinforce skills at home. Educate patients about hand positioning, posture, and techniques to prevent strain.
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Description
Explore the vital role of occupational therapy in treating hand, wrist, and fine motor skills conditions. Assess the significance of grip strength, dexterity, and bilateral coordination in recovery from injuries. Understand how focused therapy can enhance daily functions.
