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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of job safety analysis?
What is the primary focus of job safety analysis?
In risk analysis, what does risk determination involve?
In risk analysis, what does risk determination involve?
Which of the following best describes SWOT analysis?
Which of the following best describes SWOT analysis?
What is the aim of defensive driving?
What is the aim of defensive driving?
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How does a Database Management System (DBMS) aid safety management?
How does a Database Management System (DBMS) aid safety management?
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What defines a hazard in the context of workplace safety?
What defines a hazard in the context of workplace safety?
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What is the typical ratio of direct costs to indirect costs in occupational safety, as proposed by Heinrich's Incident Theories?
What is the typical ratio of direct costs to indirect costs in occupational safety, as proposed by Heinrich's Incident Theories?
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Which step in the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle involves monitoring and evaluating the plan?
Which step in the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle involves monitoring and evaluating the plan?
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What characterizes a Permit-Required Confined Space?
What characterizes a Permit-Required Confined Space?
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What is the main purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)?
What is the main purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)?
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Which analysis method assesses the hazards associated with a specific job function?
Which analysis method assesses the hazards associated with a specific job function?
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What is the focus of Risk Analysis in occupational safety?
What is the focus of Risk Analysis in occupational safety?
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What does the Domino Theory illustrate in the context of system failures?
What does the Domino Theory illustrate in the context of system failures?
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Which of the following describes a Single-Point Failure?
Which of the following describes a Single-Point Failure?
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What is the primary function of a Gantt Chart in project management?
What is the primary function of a Gantt Chart in project management?
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What does the Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) indicate?
What does the Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) indicate?
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Which statement correctly describes the role of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)?
Which statement correctly describes the role of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)?
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Which characteristic defines unstable (reactive) chemicals?
Which characteristic defines unstable (reactive) chemicals?
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What is the primary purpose of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)?
What is the primary purpose of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)?
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What is hazard control focused on in the workplace?
What is hazard control focused on in the workplace?
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What is a trade secret in a business context?
What is a trade secret in a business context?
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What defines unstable (reactive) chemicals?
What defines unstable (reactive) chemicals?
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Which strategy focuses on accidents that occur the most frequently?
Which strategy focuses on accidents that occur the most frequently?
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What is the main objective of hazard control?
What is the main objective of hazard control?
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According to the Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions ratio, what percentage of accidents are caused by unsafe acts?
According to the Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions ratio, what percentage of accidents are caused by unsafe acts?
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What does Financial Justification refer to?
What does Financial Justification refer to?
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How are accident costs typically estimated?
How are accident costs typically estimated?
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What does the Incident-injury ratio of 300:29:1 indicate?
What does the Incident-injury ratio of 300:29:1 indicate?
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Which theory explains accidents as a result of many factors having simultaneous effects?
Which theory explains accidents as a result of many factors having simultaneous effects?
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What is indicated by a ratio of direct to indirect costs of 4:1 for accidents?
What is indicated by a ratio of direct to indirect costs of 4:1 for accidents?
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What is meant by acceptable risk?
What is meant by acceptable risk?
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What constitutes residual risk?
What constitutes residual risk?
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Which methods can be used for risk mitigation?
Which methods can be used for risk mitigation?
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What does risk assessment involve?
What does risk assessment involve?
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What is defined as a hazard?
What is defined as a hazard?
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How is severity defined in the context of risk management?
How is severity defined in the context of risk management?
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What is the goal of loss control?
What is the goal of loss control?
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What does probability refer to in risk management?
What does probability refer to in risk management?
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Which of the following best describes accepted risk?
Which of the following best describes accepted risk?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective mitigation?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective mitigation?
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Study Notes
Workers' Compensation
- Refers to payments for medical expenses, survivor benefits, and costs of accident investigations and cleanup, including legal and travel expenses.
Task Analysis
- A detailed method for defining elements of a project or undertaking, documenting necessary resources.
Common Metrics
- Used to assess project performance:
- Budget: whether the project is over, under, or on budget.
- Time: project completion on or before schedule.
- Quality: whether the project or phase meets or exceeds quality standards.
- Conflict: whether the project phase creates team conflict.
- Safety: whether the project phase was completed without safety incidents.
Risk Analysis
- Uses qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the potential frequency and severity of risk.
Risk Determination
- Includes risk type, location, probability, consequences, and risk estimate (probability x consequences).
Risk Acceptance
- Determining acceptable risk frequency and severity for individuals, companies, and society.
Risk Characterization
- Analyzes the effects of risk exposure on people.
Job Safety Analysis
- A formal method used to assess job-related hazards.
Mishap
- An unplanned event resulting in death, injury, damage to property or the environment.
SMART Goal
- Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
International Labor Organization (ILO) Guidelines
- Provides voluntary guidelines on safety and health management systems, emphasizing personnel performance.
Leading Indicators
- Proactive activities to identify, assess, eliminate, minimize, and control risks:
- Worker participation in program activities.
- Employee safety suggestions.
- Near misses, first aid cases, and reports.
- Time taken to respond to reports.
- Management walkthroughs.
- Hazards identified during inspections.
- Safety training completion.
Evidence-Based Approach
- A rational method for reliable and reproducible audit conclusions in a systematic audit process, validated evidence.
Fault Tree Analysis
- A deductive analysis using Boolean logic to relate a top event to combinations of basic events to identify failure scenarios to prevent undesired outcomes.
Contingency Theory
- No best way to organize, lead, or make decisions; the optimal approach depends on internal and external factors.
Systems Theory
- An interdisciplinary theory treating an organization as a system, considering internal and external circumstances.
Management Styles
- Various leadership styles are described (Autocratic to Permissive & Democrat).
Accident and Hazard
- An accident is an unexpected event resulting in loss, injury, or damage.
- A hazard is a condition or situation that has the potential to cause an incident.
Costs of Accidents
- Direct costs: expenses that directly impact the employer (e.g., medical costs).
- Indirect costs: hidden costs, e.g., time lost by colleagues, lost production, unfilled orders.
ANSI Z10 and Heinrich's Incident Theories
- Standards and theories on occupational health and safety management systems, ratio/comparison between direct and indirect costs.
Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle
- A cyclical process for improving safety management systems:
- Plan: Set objectives and processes.
- Do: Implement the plan.
- Check: Monitor and evaluate.
- Act: Correct and improve the plan, repeat.
Confined Space and Entry Attendant
- A space, potentially hazardous, requiring a permit and an attendant to monitor conditions and prevent unauthorized entry.
- An attendant positioned outside the space to monitor and control entry safely.
Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
- Requires evaluation and communication of chemical hazards to employees.
Risk Analysis and Risk Determination
- Risk analysis is used to measure the frequency and severity of a risk.
- Risk determination involves evaluation of risk factors, like type, location, probability, and consequences.
Job Safety Analysis and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
- A method for assessing hazards in job functions.
- A methodical procedure for identifying potential design or process flaws before they occur.
Theories Y Management
- Theory suggesting that individuals are inherently motivated to work
Herzberg Motivational Theory
- Theory categorizing workplace motivations into hygiene factors and motivators.
SWOT Analysis
- A planning tool to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization.
Manual Rates and Premiums
- Insurance premiums based on a manual rate book, potentially customizable for specific circumstances.
Experience Rating
- Determines average loss rates for specific types of jobs to modify policies.
Premium Discounts
- Offered to larger companies or for lower administrative costs.
Government Agencies
- Regulatory bodies related to transportation safety and vehicle safety standards.
Process Safety Management
- Standard developed by OSHA for preventing the release of hazardous chemicals.
Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)
- Average concentration limit of a substance workers can be exposed to repeatedly without adverse effects
Chemical Safety
- Information on classified chemical hazards.
Workplace Safety
- Location for work with specific hazard levels.
Task Analysis
- Details and documents resource necessities for tasks and projects.
Risk Analysis
- Assesses frequency and severity of risk
Risk Determination
- Identifies type, location, probability and consequences.
Risk Acceptance
- Establishes acceptable risk levels.
Job Safety Analysis
- Identifies hazards of specific tasks
Probability and Severity
- Likelihood of hazard causing harm and extent of harm.
Acceptable Risk
- Risk that is knowingly understood with full knowledge.
- Risk that is not knowingly understood but is accepted by default.
Residual Risk
- Remaining risk after mitigation efforts are completed.
Risk Mitigation
- Modifying hazards to lower mishap probability and severity.
ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)
- Lowest level of mishap risk possible.
Common Metrics
- Monitoring project budget, time, quality, conflict, and safety.
Risk Characterization and Job Safety Analysis
- Analyzes risk effects on people.
- A systematic method for analyzing job hazards.
Safety Management Systems
- Implementing and improving safety systems using the PDCA cycle.
System Failure
- Single-point failure and domino effects
- Unexpected event disrupting a system's function.
Energy Theory
- Energy transfer in accidents and incidents.
Project Management
- Stages of project management and related tools.
- Defining, initiating, planning, executing, controlling, closing projects.
Hazard Communication
- Approach toward hazard communication.
- Using the Globally Harmonized System and standardized hazard data sheets.
Accident Costs
- Assessing accident costs and categorizing losses.
Accident Causation
- Ratio (88:10:2) of unsafe acts to conditions, causes of accidents.
- Relationship between incidents, minor injuries, and major injuries (300:29:1).
Risk Management
- Methods for identifying, controlling, minimizing or eliminating risks.
- Includes RCA and communicating risk information to stakeholders.
Safety and Performance
- Ensuring a safe work environment.
- Absence of work conditions leading to illness or harm or to environmental damage.
Audit and Analysis
- Using evidence-based approaches.
- Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
Human Factors
- Motivational and culture-based factors affecting actions.
- Importance of safety culture in the workforce.
Exposure Limits
- Regulatory and scientific measures of safe exposure to hazards
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Use of PPE for safety and protecting employees.
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
- Specialized clothing for chemical exposure protection.
Product Liability
- Implied, express, strict liability, and negligence
- Legal liability if a product harms someone.
Workers' Compensation
- Insurance that protects employers from costs
- Provides compensation for job-related injuries and illnesses
Safety Management Systems
- Proactive approach to ensure adherence to safety standards.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in occupational safety, including risk analysis, job safety analysis, and hazard communication. This quiz covers vital theories such as Heinrich's Incident Theories and the Domino Theory, along with tools like the PDCA cycle and Gantt Charts. Perfect for students and professionals in safety management.
