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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of electrical bonding?
What is the purpose of electrical bonding?
What should be the minimum unlocking strength for tagout devices?
What should be the minimum unlocking strength for tagout devices?
What must an employer obtain before assigning an employee to use a respirator?
What must an employer obtain before assigning an employee to use a respirator?
Which groups are chemical hazards generally divided into?
Which groups are chemical hazards generally divided into?
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How many sections are there in a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
How many sections are there in a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
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How is stress in an object calculated?
How is stress in an object calculated?
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Which of the following is true about trench safety requirements?
Which of the following is true about trench safety requirements?
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What is the correct order of atmospheric testing in a confined space?
What is the correct order of atmospheric testing in a confined space?
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Which organization has the most standards for unfired pressure vessels?
Which organization has the most standards for unfired pressure vessels?
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What is the maximum slope allowed for a safety ramp?
What is the maximum slope allowed for a safety ramp?
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Which term refers to a seller's promise about a product's life expectancy?
Which term refers to a seller's promise about a product's life expectancy?
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What does SQL stand for?
What does SQL stand for?
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What is required by employers using contractors with highly hazardous chemicals?
What is required by employers using contractors with highly hazardous chemicals?
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What must the emergency action plan include according to the Process Safety Management standard?
What must the emergency action plan include according to the Process Safety Management standard?
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What substances are considered highly hazardous under OSHA's standard?
What substances are considered highly hazardous under OSHA's standard?
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What do wet collectors or scrubbers primarily use to remove contaminants from air?
What do wet collectors or scrubbers primarily use to remove contaminants from air?
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What does the UN labeling system not provide information about?
What does the UN labeling system not provide information about?
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According to NIOSH, how should the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) be adjusted for earmuffs?
According to NIOSH, how should the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) be adjusted for earmuffs?
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What units are used to measure radioactivity?
What units are used to measure radioactivity?
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What are the units of measure for radiation exposure?
What are the units of measure for radiation exposure?
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Who must comply with the Process Safety Management standard?
Who must comply with the Process Safety Management standard?
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What is the maximum frequency at which employers must evaluate compliance with the OSHA standard?
What is the maximum frequency at which employers must evaluate compliance with the OSHA standard?
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For how long must the original copy of a Department of Transportation inspection report be retained?
For how long must the original copy of a Department of Transportation inspection report be retained?
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What is the wavelength range of far-infrared (IR-C)?
What is the wavelength range of far-infrared (IR-C)?
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What is the minimum unlocking strength for tagout devices?
What is the minimum unlocking strength for tagout devices?
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What category does perchloric acid (HClO4) fall into?
What category does perchloric acid (HClO4) fall into?
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What does the term 'line breaking' refer to?
What does the term 'line breaking' refer to?
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Which type of collectors are unsuitable for small particles?
Which type of collectors are unsuitable for small particles?
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Which class of lasers can cause injury to both eyes and skin?
Which class of lasers can cause injury to both eyes and skin?
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What does electrical bonding refer to?
What does electrical bonding refer to?
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What reaction occurs when metal carbonates react with acids?
What reaction occurs when metal carbonates react with acids?
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What is the major benefit of a data logger with industrial hygiene monitoring devices?
What is the major benefit of a data logger with industrial hygiene monitoring devices?
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Which sections of the Safety Data Sheets does OSHA not enforce?
Which sections of the Safety Data Sheets does OSHA not enforce?
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How does NFPA classify High Hazard buildings?
How does NFPA classify High Hazard buildings?
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What is the first step in the proper order of atmospheric testing in a confined space?
What is the first step in the proper order of atmospheric testing in a confined space?
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What type of radiation is described as near-infrared radiation?
What type of radiation is described as near-infrared radiation?
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Which type of insurance specifically addresses loss exposures related to property?
Which type of insurance specifically addresses loss exposures related to property?
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What does Business Income Coverage address?
What does Business Income Coverage address?
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How quickly does a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) open the circuit?
How quickly does a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) open the circuit?
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What does the Process Safety Management standard require from employers?
What does the Process Safety Management standard require from employers?
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What does the CE mark indicate about a product manufactured in Europe?
What does the CE mark indicate about a product manufactured in Europe?
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Study Notes
Respirator Use
- Employers must obtain a physician's written permission for employee respirator use.
Stress and Force
- Stress in an object is equal to the force applied divided by the area.
Trenches and Shoring
- Shoring is required for trenches deeper than 4 feet unless sloped or stable rock.
- Trenches are narrow excavations never wider than 15 feet.
Standards and Organizations
- The American Society of Mechanical Engineers has the most standards for unfired pressure vessels.
Ramps and Safety
- Maximum ramp slope is 15, and should never be more than 20 degrees.
- If an unsafe act is found, inspectors must stop, instruct on and report the unsafe act while training.
Guarding and Safety
- Advantages of fixed guarding include customizability, high protection, and low maintenance.
CAD and Software
- CAD stands for Computer-Aided Design
- CAD/CAM stands for Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing
- Word processing and database management are common occupational safety software packages
Warranties and Liability
- Manufacturers can be held liable if products fail to meet warranties.
SQL and URL
- SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
- URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
Inspections and Notifications
- Notify supervisors in writing for minor infractions during inspections.
Contractors and Hazardous Chemicals
- Employers employing contractors for hazardous chemicals need a contractor screening process.
- Employers assess contractor work methods and experiences, and maintain a site injury/illness log.
Process Safety Management
- Employers must develop and implement emergency action plans including alarm systems and evacuation/relocation procedures.
- Employers must certify every three years that they comply with OSHA standards.
Highly Hazardous Chemicals
- Chemicals with toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties are highly hazardous under OSHA's standard.
Air Collection Systems
- Wet and fabric collectors remove dust, gases, or vapor contaminants from air.
UN Labeling System
- Provides information about packaging, but not specific contents or dangerous goods labeling.
Hearing Protection and NIOSH
- NIOSH recommends reducing NRR for hearing protection depending on type of earplug.
Radioactivity and Units
- Radioactivity measures ionizing radiation released by materials.
- Units include Curie (Ci), Becquerel (Bq)
- Exposure measures radiation traveling through air (e.g., Roentgen (R), C/kg).
Process Safety Management (continued)
- OSHA's process safety management standards apply to facilities employees visit periodically.
- Highly hazardous chemicals, from OSHA's criteria, contain explosive, toxic, flammable, and reactive properties
Process Flow Diagrams and Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
- Diagrams are required under OSHA's process safety management standard
- Employee Participation is required under the Clean air act.
Employee Participation (continued)
- Employers need to create screening processes for contractors who handle hazardous chemicals to ensure they're capable.
Process Technology Information
- Maximum inventory limits for process chemicals must be included in process technology information
- Limits beyond upset conditions must be included
- A qualitative consequence analysis or result of deviations from design intent needed
Process Hazard Analysis
- Detailed guidance on process hazard analysis methodologies can be obtained from the American Chemical Society.
- Operating procedures certification for tasks needs to be updated annually.
Pre-Start Up Safety Review
- Equipment construction must adhere to design specs.
- Adequate operating procedures & worker training need to be in place.
Emergency Action Plan
- Plans must include alarm systems, evacuation/relocation procedures, and pre-planning for releases
Certification
- Employers must validate OSHA compliance every three years
Engineering Controls
- Examples include shielding ionizing radiation sources.
Point Source Airborne Contaminants
- General ventilation with 10+ compressors controls airborne pollutants originating from a point source.
Insurance
- Stock insurance companies handle profit-motivated insurance.
- Manufacturers/contractors coverage handles liability for hazardous waste site cleanup.
Ventilation Design
- Calculating air changes involves dividing the volumetric air flow rate by the room size.
Chemical Labels
- Chemical labels are required for hazardous materials in drums, gas cylinders, and bottles
OCP
- OCP stands for (abbreviation not explicitly given).
- Data loggers are electronic instruments used to collect sensor data.
- Devices convert physical data into signals
Safety Data Sheets
- Safety Data Sheets consist of 16 sections.
- OSHA does not enforce sections 12-15.
NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
- Classifies buildings/structures based on content hazards.
- Levels of hazard include "Low," "Ordinary," and "High" hazard levels
Atmospheric Testing
- The appropriate order for atmospheric testing in confined areas is; oxygen, flammability, and toxicity.
- Near-infrared radiation is invisible and warm, with a wavelength of 700nm to 1400nm.
- Scotoma is invisible vision loss from retina damage.
Radiation
- Near-infrared radiation is invisible, feels warm, and has a wavelength of 700nm to 1400nm
- Scotoma is loss of vision in part of the visual field.
Insurance Coverage
- Insurance categories: property, liability, life
- Property insurance covers property losses.
Business Income Coverage
- Includes loss of income and extra expenses.
- Business Income is part of basic BIC.
Safety Concepts
- GFCI opens circuits in ~0.02 to 0.03 secs
- Falls are absorbed by arrest systems.
- Ozone is produced when welding stainless steel or during electric arc welding sessions
Advanced Safety Concepts
- Hexavalent chromium forms as a by-product
- Total pressure within a closed system is static & velocity pressure combined.
- CE marking indicates a product aligns with European health/safety standards.
Process Safety Management (continued)
- Emergency action plans must consist of alarm systems, evacuation/relocation, and pre-planning for releases.
- Employer compliance with OSHA standards must be validated every 3 years
Safety Regulations
- Original inspection reports from Transportation departments need to be stored for 14 months after the inspection.
Laser and Infrared Concepts
- Infrared-B wavelengths = 1.4 to 3 micrometers
- Far-infrared (IR-C) = 3 to 1000 micrometers
- LASER= Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Electrical and Fire Safety
- Electrical bonding safely joins metals to create electrical pathways
- Tagout devices have a 50-pound minimum unlocking strength.
Chemical Hazards
- Perchloric acid with water causes significant heat/explosions.
- Sodium hydroxide with water generates significant heat/explosions.
- Metal carbonates, when reacted with acids, yield salt, water, & carbon dioxide.
- Hazards are often divided into: toxic, flammable, reactive, and corrosive.
Fire suppression
- FM certification identifies fire-suppression products
Control Systems
- Active vs. passive systems in worker tasks.
- Active controls require worker action to safely operate devices; passive are self-regulating.
Fall Arrest Systems
- Fall arrest systems are required to support at least 5000 pounds.
Loss Exposures
- Property insurance covers direct property damage
- Liability insurance covers cases where insurance is responsible for a situation
- Businesses can cover income losses or extra business expenses due to issues using insurance.
Advanced Safety Concepts (Continued)
- BIC covers elements of property, perils, and consequences.
- Perils are serious/immediate dangers.
Ventilation
- Overall system pressure in a closed ventilation system = sum of velocity and static pressures
Product Markings
- CE marking denotes adherence to EU safety standards.
Web and Computer Concepts
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) links, images, and text are in URL addresses.
Scientific Concepts
- A spectrometer measures transmission of liquids or solids as a wavelength function.
- Chromium formation is a manufacturing process
- Water solubility is maximum solute concentration in equilibrium.
Safety Regulations
- OSHA ensures employer compliance with safety standards.
- OSHA does not enforce SDS sections 12-15.
- NFPA 101 classifies buildings by hazard content level (Low, Ordinary, or High)
Atmospheric Testing and Radiation
- Testing confined spaces goes: oxygen, flammability, then toxicity.
- Near-infrared radiation is invisible, has heat; 700 - 1400 nanometers.
- Scotoma is vision loss due to retina damage.
Advanced Safety Concepts (Continued)
- In crashes, impact energy needs to remain below critical thresholds for worker safety.
- Safety shields can reduce worker exposure to ionizing radiation.
- Stock insurance companies operate for profit.
- Liability coverage available for cleanup of hazardous waste sites.
Ventilation Design
- Calculating air changes involves dividing volumetric air flow by room or area.
Hazardous Materials
- Chemical labels are required for hazardous waste, gas cylinders, & chemical bottles.
Permeation and Osmosis
- Permeation involves sorption, diffusion, and desorption of chemicals through a substance.
Electrical Safety
- Electrical bonding creates a conductive path for electric current.
- Fail-safe designs for spare pump systems mean the backup pump turns on automatically if the primary pump malfunctions
- Electrical arc radiation can occur during tasks such as welding
- Hydrogen gas can be produced during tasks such as lead battery charging
- Arc welding often produces ozone
Respiratory Protection
- Full face respirators have a 1,000 protection factor.
- SCBA respirators, including those using positive pressure, have a 10,000 protection factor
- Particulate respirators are needed for tasks like grinding.
Structural Safety
- Steel reinforcement in concrete is essential in areas of low support.
- Ground fault circuit interrupters/GFCI circuit breakers respond quickly (~1/40th sec) to potentially hazardous situations.
FMEA & FTA
- FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) takes more time than FTA (Fault Tree Analysis).
Fan and Ventilation Systems
- Fan speed directly relates to CFM (cubic feet per minute).
Cut Sets and System Failure
- Cut sets represent parts of a system that can be shut off to ensure proper operation or non-operation.
Gas Detection and Measurement
- To convert LEL % to ppm, multiply by one million.
- Minimum foot-candles for general construction is 5; 30 foot-candles are required for aid stations.
- Formaldehyde testing uses filters, impingers, and visible absorption spectroscopy
Organophosphates
- No definition provided
Blood Testing
- Tests for cholinesterase inhibitors need to monitor changes in blood.
Lockout and Tagout
- Double blocking and tagging involves closing & locking/tagging two valves followed by opening & locking/tagging a drain/vent valve in between them.
Line Breaking
- Intentional opening of a pipe/line/duct to release flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, inert gases, or fluids (at volume/pressure/temperature, potentially dangerous to people/equipment).
Inerting
- Using non-combustible gases to replace air or modify atmosphere in closed areas or spaces to prevent spontaneous combustion
Hazardous Substances
- Potassium reacts with water, releasing heat & gases
- Perchloric acid is best stored at room temperature
Dipping and Coating Operations
- Airborne substance concentration must remain below 25% of its Lower Flammability limit(LFL).
- Written procedures required to address changes, and modify processes, chemicals, tech, and equipment/facilities
Air Collection Systems
-Cyclone and electrostatic precipitators remove particulates from the air.
Particle Size and Measurement
- Dust/coarse particles (2500 - 10,000 nm) and fine particles/particulate matter (100 - 2500 nm)
- Nanoparticles are 1 to 100 nanometers.
- Atoms and small molecules are 0.1 nanometers or less.
Ladder Safety
- Ladder tops must extend further than 3.5 feet for safety in reaching landings.
- Clearances for rungs and/or grab bars needed on both sides
- Climbing side ladder must allow 30-inch minimum clearance
Fire Suppression
- FM (Factory Mutual) certification is required on certain fire suppression products.
Control Systems
- Active systems require continuous user action(s) during operation to avoid injuries
- Passive systems are user-independent
Fall Arrest Systems
- Fall arrest systems need to support a minimum of 5,000 lbs
Crane Operations
- Crane load rating cannot exceed rated capacity specified by the manufacturer.
Radiation Safety (continued)
- Absorbed dose measures amount of radiation absorbed by a person or object (in Gray and Rad).
- Dose equivalent considers both the amount of radiation absorbed and its effect (using Siemens and Rem).
- Order of safety testing in contained spaces is oxygen, flammability, then toxicity or other hazards
Employer Responsibilities
- More than one employer may be cited in multi-employer work sites.
- Specific employers creating or exposing workers to hazardous situations can be cited for General Duty clauses; or for violating OSHA standards in a common workplace.
- Workers correcting a hazard that other employers created should also have appropriate OSHA safety training.
Advanced Safety Concepts
- Fundamental BIC (Basic Business Interruption Coverage) form covers Property, Perils, and Consequences.
- Perils are immediate/serious danger.
Fire Safety
- Ignition needs particles suspended in the air
- Illumination levels should adhere to industry standards
Respiratory Protection
- Closed-circuit SCBA systems recirculate breathing air
- Open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) use a high-pressure tank.
- Air purifying respirators should not be used in atmospheres containing equipment.
Electrical Safety
- A fail-safe design can activate spare pumps automatically if the primary pump fails.
- Electrical bonding aims to eliminate potential difference between conductors.
Hazards and Risk Assessment
- Types of severity include negligible, marginal, catastrophic, or critical (permanent disability).
- Substance effects on the body may be synergistic, additive, antagonistic, or potentiating or exacerbating each other.
- BLEVE is boiling liquid, expanding vapor.
- NaOH (sodium hydroxide) corrodes several metals (aluminum, lead, zinc).
- Ames test measures how damaging a substance is to genetic material or has mutagenic properties
Radiation Safety (continued)
- Ci stands for Curie, and Bq stands for Becquerel.
- Exposure describes the amount of radiation traveling through air..
- Exposure units are roentgen(R) and coulombs per kilogram(C/kg)
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential occupational safety concepts and standards. This quiz covers topics such as electrical bonding, chemical hazards, and safety data sheets. Perfect for beginners looking to understand workplace safety regulations and practices.
