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Define hazard.
Define hazard.
Any source of potential damage, harm, or adverse health effects at work.
What is risk?
What is risk?
The chance or probability of harm actually being done.
What are the type of hazards mentioned in the content? (Select all that apply)
What are the type of hazards mentioned in the content? (Select all that apply)
A hazard can always lead to danger.
A hazard can always lead to danger.
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The ________ is defined as the relative exposure to a hazard.
The ________ is defined as the relative exposure to a hazard.
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Explain the term 'Risk Assessment'.
Explain the term 'Risk Assessment'.
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A hazard always leads to danger.
A hazard always leads to danger.
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Hazard identification, assessment and ______ are important steps in managing hazards on a construction site.
Hazard identification, assessment and ______ are important steps in managing hazards on a construction site.
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What is the primary goal of determining safe work procedures?
What is the primary goal of determining safe work procedures?
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Provide an example of a workplace hazard.
Provide an example of a workplace hazard.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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On a construction site, hazards can be associated with ______ and equipment.
On a construction site, hazards can be associated with ______ and equipment.
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According to FMA 1967, what is included in building operations?
According to FMA 1967, what is included in building operations?
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Trenching and excavation are the same type of on-site activity
Trenching and excavation are the same type of on-site activity
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What is the primary use of a crane on a construction site?
What is the primary use of a crane on a construction site?
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A ________ is used for cutting and shaping piles on a construction site
A ________ is used for cutting and shaping piles on a construction site
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What is the purpose of a passenger hoist on a construction site?
What is the purpose of a passenger hoist on a construction site?
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Match the following machinery with their primary use on a construction site
Match the following machinery with their primary use on a construction site
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What is an example of a physical hazard?
What is an example of a physical hazard?
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All on-site equipment are mobile
All on-site equipment are mobile
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Asbestos is a type of biological hazard.
Asbestos is a type of biological hazard.
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What is the primary use of a lorry on a construction site?
What is the primary use of a lorry on a construction site?
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What is an example of a psycho-social hazard?
What is an example of a psycho-social hazard?
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Silica is linked to an increased risk of ________.
Silica is linked to an increased risk of ________.
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Match the following hazards with their respective categories:
Match the following hazards with their respective categories:
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What is an example of a health hazard?
What is an example of a health hazard?
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Plant/Machinery is a type of psycho-social hazard.
Plant/Machinery is a type of psycho-social hazard.
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Radiation is a type of hazard that can cause ________.
Radiation is a type of hazard that can cause ________.
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What is the scale for High Risk in the Quantitative Risk Table?
What is the scale for High Risk in the Quantitative Risk Table?
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A Minor Injury has a HIGH likelihood of occurrence according to the Qualitative Risk Table.
A Minor Injury has a HIGH likelihood of occurrence according to the Qualitative Risk Table.
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What is the likelihood rating for an event that occurs daily?
What is the likelihood rating for an event that occurs daily?
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A Fatality & Permanent Disability has a severity category of ________.
A Fatality & Permanent Disability has a severity category of ________.
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Match the following consequences with their corresponding severity categories:
Match the following consequences with their corresponding severity categories:
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What action is required for a High Risk level (8-16) in the Quantitative Risk Table?
What action is required for a High Risk level (8-16) in the Quantitative Risk Table?
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A Negligible Injury has a MEDIUM likelihood of occurrence according to the Qualitative Risk Table.
A Negligible Injury has a MEDIUM likelihood of occurrence according to the Qualitative Risk Table.
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What is the purpose of determining the Risk Level in the Quantitative Risk Assessment?
What is the purpose of determining the Risk Level in the Quantitative Risk Assessment?
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What is the most effective method of dealing with a hazard according to the Hierarchy of Control?
What is the most effective method of dealing with a hazard according to the Hierarchy of Control?
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There is no risk if a hazard has been eliminated.
There is no risk if a hazard has been eliminated.
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What is the purpose of Risk Control?
What is the purpose of Risk Control?
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The Hierarchy of Control recommends considering methods of controlling risk in a particular ________.
The Hierarchy of Control recommends considering methods of controlling risk in a particular ________.
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What is the purpose of Substitution according to the Hierarchy of Control?
What is the purpose of Substitution according to the Hierarchy of Control?
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Isolation and Engineering is a method of eliminating the hazard.
Isolation and Engineering is a method of eliminating the hazard.
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What is the purpose of Isolation and Engineering according to the Hierarchy of Control?
What is the purpose of Isolation and Engineering according to the Hierarchy of Control?
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Study Notes
Hazard, Risk, and Danger
- Hazard: Any source of potential damage, harm, or adverse health effects or something under certain conditions at work.
- Example: Electrical hazard (source of energy) → Shock, electrocution (harm)
- Risk: The chance or probability of harm actually being done.
- Example: Smoker has a potential to get cancer or lung infection (risk)
- Danger: Relative exposure to a hazard. A hazard may be present, but there may be little danger because control measures are taken.
- Example: Electrical hazard (danger) → Can be prevented by taking safety measures like switching off the main source of electricity.
On-Site Activities
- Excavation, piling, concrete works, demolition, brick laying, welding works, and handling/transportation of construction materials.
- Installation and operation of machinery, scaffolding, and form works.
- Painting works, installation, and dismantling of scaffolding, and clearing and cleaning works.
On-Site Equipment
- Machinery: Crane (tower/crawler), hoist (skip hoist), passenger hoist, gondola, bending machine, cutting machine, excavator, piling and structure, lorry, and concrete mixer.
- Hand tools and mobile power tools: Hammer, sledge, drill, ladders, scaffold (fixed and mobile), air compressor, hammer drill, generator set, and welding equipment.
Hazard Identification, Assessment, and Control
- Hazard identification: Review of documents and publications, inspection and observation of workplace, measurement of atmosphere, monitoring of environment, and medical surveillance of workers.
- Hazard analysis: Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Job Hazard Analysis (JHA).
- Risk assessment approaches: Qualitative and quantitative risk assessment.
- Qualitative risk assessment: Determine likelihood and severity categories.
- Quantitative risk assessment: Determine likelihood of occurrence and severity categories, and calculate risk level.
- Risk control: Measures taken to eliminate the hazard or minimize risk to an acceptable level.
- Hierarchy of control: Elimination, substitution, isolation, and administrative control.
Hazard Types
- Physical hazards: Heat stress, noise, vibration, mineral dust, radiation, chemicals, and mechanical hazards.
- Health hazards: Chemical hazards, biological hazards, and ergonomic hazards.
- Psycho-social hazards: Social problems, accidents in the workplace/home, fear of failure, retrenchment, motivation, and lack of direction.
Conclusion
- Hazard is everywhere and needs to be identified.
- Hazard identification should be properly documented, even in simple situations.
- Risk assessment must include a careful assessment of both likelihood and severity/consequences.
- Control measures must be a good solution to avoid hazards becoming dangers.
- Hierarchy of control must be effective and needs to be reviewed if necessary.
- The risk management process is an ongoing process.
Hazards, Risks, and Dangers
- Hazard: a source of potential damage, harm, or adverse health effects, e.g., electricity, which can cause shock or electrocution.
- Risk: the chance or probability of harm actually being done, e.g., a smoker has a potential to get cancer or lung infection.
- Danger: relative exposure to a hazard, e.g., an electrical hazard is a danger to people directly attached to it, but it can be prevented with safety measures like switching off the main source of electricity.
On-Site Activities and Equipment
- On-site activities: excavation, piling, concrete works, demolition, brick laying, welding works, trenching, and excavation, installation, and dismantling of scaffolding, form works, painting works, and installation and operation of machinery.
- On-site equipment: machinery like cranes, hoists, gondolas, bending machines, cutting machines, excavators, piling and structure machines, lorries, and concrete mixers, as well as hand tools, mobile power tools, ladders, scaffolds, air compressors, hammer drills, and generator sets.
Hazards in the Workplace
- Types of hazards: heat stress, mechanical hazards, noise, vibration, mineral dust (asbestos), biological hazards, working at height, cement, radiation, chemicals, and drowning.
- Physical hazards: noise, heat, vibration, radiation, pressure, plant/machinery, electricity, scaffold, power access, equipment and manual handling, ladder, roof work, and excavation.
- Health hazards: chemical hazards (gases, vapors, acids, alkali, poisons, aerosols), biological hazards (legionella, bloodborne pathogens, organic dust/fungi), and psycho-social hazards (social problems, accidents, fear of failure, retrenchment, motivation).
- Examples of physical hazards: scaffold, power access, equipment and manual handling, ladder, roof work, and excavation.
Hazard Identification, Assessment, and Control
- Risk assessment: qualitative (likelihood and severity/consequences) and quantitative (determine likelihood of occurrence, severity categories, and risk level).
- Qualitative risk table: fatal, major injury, minor injury, and negligible injury.
- Quantitative risk table: scale of risk (8-16: high risk, 4-7: medium risk, 1-3: low risk).
- Hierarchy of control: elimination, substitution, isolation and engineering, and administration.
Risk Control
- Risk control measures: eliminate the hazard or minimize the risk to an acceptable level.
- Hierarchy of control: elimination, substitution, isolation and engineering, and administration.
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Description
Learn the differences between hazard, risk, and danger in the workplace, including examples and control measures. Understand the concepts of potential damage, harm, and adverse health effects.
