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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of occupational skin diseases?
What is the primary cause of occupational skin diseases?
Which type of occupational contact dermatitis is a reaction to a substance by a type IV, delayed hypersensitivity reaction?
Which type of occupational contact dermatitis is a reaction to a substance by a type IV, delayed hypersensitivity reaction?
Who is at higher risk for irritant contact dermatitis?
Who is at higher risk for irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the category that irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis fall under?
What is the category that irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis fall under?
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What percentage of occupational skin diseases is comprised of occupational contact dermatitis?
What percentage of occupational skin diseases is comprised of occupational contact dermatitis?
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What kind of reaction causes irritant contact dermatitis?
What kind of reaction causes irritant contact dermatitis?
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What type of reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?
What type of reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?
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What is the primary category of skin conditions caused or aggravated by workplace factors?
What is the primary category of skin conditions caused or aggravated by workplace factors?
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Which type of occupational contact dermatitis arises from direct exposure to an exogenous agent?
Which type of occupational contact dermatitis arises from direct exposure to an exogenous agent?
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What is the primary cause of irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the primary cause of irritant contact dermatitis?
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How soon can the effects of irritant contact dermatitis become visible?
How soon can the effects of irritant contact dermatitis become visible?
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What is the difference in clinical presentation between severe acute and chronic irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the difference in clinical presentation between severe acute and chronic irritant contact dermatitis?
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Why is there no readily available diagnostic test for irritant contact dermatitis?
Why is there no readily available diagnostic test for irritant contact dermatitis?
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What is the unique variant predominantly seen in elderly individuals with a history of extensive usage of soaps and cleansing products?
What is the unique variant predominantly seen in elderly individuals with a history of extensive usage of soaps and cleansing products?
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Which type of occupational contact dermatitis arises from direct exposure to an exogenous agent like tars and greases?
Which type of occupational contact dermatitis arises from direct exposure to an exogenous agent like tars and greases?
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What syndrome is characterized by eczematous lesions, delayed healing, and persistent condition due to continued use of irritants?
What syndrome is characterized by eczematous lesions, delayed healing, and persistent condition due to continued use of irritants?
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In which weather conditions does asteatotic dermatitis mainly occur?
In which weather conditions does asteatotic dermatitis mainly occur?
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What is the characteristic of the subjective irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the characteristic of the subjective irritant contact dermatitis?
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What should be done when warranted for patients with asteatotic dermatitis?
What should be done when warranted for patients with asteatotic dermatitis?
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What is the characteristic phenomenon associated with acute irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the characteristic phenomenon associated with acute irritant contact dermatitis?
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What is a possible symptom of acute irritant contact dermatitis?
What is a possible symptom of acute irritant contact dermatitis?
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What is a characteristic feature of traumatic irritant contact dermatitis?
What is a characteristic feature of traumatic irritant contact dermatitis?
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What type of exposure can lead to cumulative irritant contact dermatitis?
What type of exposure can lead to cumulative irritant contact dermatitis?
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What may lead to earlier development of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis in patients with sensitive skin?
What may lead to earlier development of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis in patients with sensitive skin?
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Which type of occupational contact dermatitis is associated with hardening of the skin and may progress to cumulative irritant dermatitis?
Which type of occupational contact dermatitis is associated with hardening of the skin and may progress to cumulative irritant dermatitis?
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What type of reaction is allergic contact dermatitis characterized by?
What type of reaction is allergic contact dermatitis characterized by?
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What is the most common occupational exposure leading to irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the most common occupational exposure leading to irritant contact dermatitis?
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What is the characteristic of the clinical presentation of severe acute irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the characteristic of the clinical presentation of severe acute irritant contact dermatitis?
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Where are the most commonly involved sites for irritant contact dermatitis?
Where are the most commonly involved sites for irritant contact dermatitis?
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Which type of skin reaction is characterized by the lack of objective clinical signs but individuals complain of a sensation of burning or stinging after contact with certain chemicals?
Which type of skin reaction is characterized by the lack of objective clinical signs but individuals complain of a sensation of burning or stinging after contact with certain chemicals?
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In which weather conditions does asteatotic dermatitis mainly occur?
In which weather conditions does asteatotic dermatitis mainly occur?
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What is the primary characteristic of pustular and acneiform ICD resulting from exposure to specific irritants?
What is the primary characteristic of pustular and acneiform ICD resulting from exposure to specific irritants?
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What is the defining characteristic of acute irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the defining characteristic of acute irritant contact dermatitis?
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What may lead to the earlier development of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis?
What may lead to the earlier development of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis?
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What is the primary cause of traumatic irritant contact dermatitis?
What is the primary cause of traumatic irritant contact dermatitis?
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What is a characteristic feature of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis?
What is a characteristic feature of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis?
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What distinguishes acute allergic contact dermatitis from acute irritant contact dermatitis?
What distinguishes acute allergic contact dermatitis from acute irritant contact dermatitis?
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What distinguishes cumulative irritant contact dermatitis from acute irritant contact dermatitis in terms of lesions?
What distinguishes cumulative irritant contact dermatitis from acute irritant contact dermatitis in terms of lesions?
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Which category of workers is at risk for irritant reaction contact dermatitis?
Which category of workers is at risk for irritant reaction contact dermatitis?
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What are some common manifestations of both irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)?
What are some common manifestations of both irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)?
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Which profession is reported to be one of the most commonly affected with identified allergens causing occupational contact dermatitis?
Which profession is reported to be one of the most commonly affected with identified allergens causing occupational contact dermatitis?
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What are some major occupational contact allergens listed in the text?
What are some major occupational contact allergens listed in the text?
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Which type of contact urticaria is caused by a wide array of agents in exposed individuals who develop a reaction without previous sensitization?
Which type of contact urticaria is caused by a wide array of agents in exposed individuals who develop a reaction without previous sensitization?
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Which type of contact urticaria is the most common and remains localized, and is less severe than immunologic contact urticaria (ICU) reactions?
Which type of contact urticaria is the most common and remains localized, and is less severe than immunologic contact urticaria (ICU) reactions?
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What type of hypersensitivity reaction is immunologic contact urticaria (ICU)?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is immunologic contact urticaria (ICU)?
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Which type of reaction is mediated by allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and seen in individuals previously exposed to the specific agent?
Which type of reaction is mediated by allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and seen in individuals previously exposed to the specific agent?
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What can inhibit nonimmunologic contact urticaria (NICU) reactions?
What can inhibit nonimmunologic contact urticaria (NICU) reactions?
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Which of the following substances can cause a type IV hypersensitivity reaction (ie, ACD) and accounts for the majority of allergic reactions to natural rubber latex (NRL)?
Which of the following substances can cause a type IV hypersensitivity reaction (ie, ACD) and accounts for the majority of allergic reactions to natural rubber latex (NRL)?
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Apart from health care workers, which occupation is commonly affected by immunologic contact urticaria from natural rubber latex (NRL)?
Apart from health care workers, which occupation is commonly affected by immunologic contact urticaria from natural rubber latex (NRL)?
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What is the prototypical example of immunologic contact urticaria?
What is the prototypical example of immunologic contact urticaria?
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What is capable of eliciting an immunologic contact urticaria response and is the second most common cause of it?
What is capable of eliciting an immunologic contact urticaria response and is the second most common cause of it?
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What does ammonium persulfate in bleaching hair boosters typically cause in terms of skin reaction?
What does ammonium persulfate in bleaching hair boosters typically cause in terms of skin reaction?
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What type of reaction may occur with substances that produce a contact urticaria and a generalized histamine-type reaction but lack a direct or immunologic basis for the reaction?
What type of reaction may occur with substances that produce a contact urticaria and a generalized histamine-type reaction but lack a direct or immunologic basis for the reaction?
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What skin condition can develop in machinists exposed to industrial or cutting oils?
What skin condition can develop in machinists exposed to industrial or cutting oils?
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Which chemical exposure is associated with a notable form of acne called chloracne?
Which chemical exposure is associated with a notable form of acne called chloracne?
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What is the primary characteristic of chloracne from chemical exposures?
What is the primary characteristic of chloracne from chemical exposures?
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What is the term for the skin disorder caused by prolonged pressure from computer use?
What is the term for the skin disorder caused by prolonged pressure from computer use?
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Which type of workers are at greater risk of suffering from vibration-induced white finger?
Which type of workers are at greater risk of suffering from vibration-induced white finger?
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What is the term for the skin condition that may develop in housewives and slaughterhouse workers due to repetitive pressure on the distal finger tips?
What is the term for the skin condition that may develop in housewives and slaughterhouse workers due to repetitive pressure on the distal finger tips?
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What skin disorder may result from working with fiberglass and cause a pruritic eruption resembling scabies?
What skin disorder may result from working with fiberglass and cause a pruritic eruption resembling scabies?
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What is the term for the painful vascular spasms in the fingers and hands induced by vibration-producing tools?
What is the term for the painful vascular spasms in the fingers and hands induced by vibration-producing tools?
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What may cause mechanical irritant dermatitis from delicate hairs or hairs with barbs?
What may cause mechanical irritant dermatitis from delicate hairs or hairs with barbs?
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What may athletes develop due to repetitive trauma while running or shearing forces from quick changes in directional movements?
What may athletes develop due to repetitive trauma while running or shearing forces from quick changes in directional movements?
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What can create changes ranging from calluses and blisters to myositis, tenosynovitis, osseous injury, nerve damage, lacerations, shearing of tissue, or abrasions?
What can create changes ranging from calluses and blisters to myositis, tenosynovitis, osseous injury, nerve damage, lacerations, shearing of tissue, or abrasions?
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What may develop in musicians due to chronic rubbing specific to the instrument being played?
What may develop in musicians due to chronic rubbing specific to the instrument being played?
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What type of hairs can induce mechanical irritant dermatitis?
What type of hairs can induce mechanical irritant dermatitis?
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What is the primary cause of irritation in mechanical irritant dermatitis?
What is the primary cause of irritation in mechanical irritant dermatitis?
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What may farmers and construction workers develop in hot environments due to chronic rubbing with clothing?
What may farmers and construction workers develop in hot environments due to chronic rubbing with clothing?
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What skin condition may be aggravated by heat exposure, especially in individuals with preexisting conditions like rosacea and herpes simplex?
What skin condition may be aggravated by heat exposure, especially in individuals with preexisting conditions like rosacea and herpes simplex?
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Which occupation is associated with the highest incidence rates for all burn injuries?
Which occupation is associated with the highest incidence rates for all burn injuries?
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What skin disorder may result from working with fiberglass and cause a pruritic eruption resembling scabies?
What skin disorder may result from working with fiberglass and cause a pruritic eruption resembling scabies?
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What is the primary cause for all types of skin cancer to include melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma?
What is the primary cause for all types of skin cancer to include melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma?
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Which workers are at high risk of harmful UV exposure and development of skin cancer due to their outdoor work?
Which workers are at high risk of harmful UV exposure and development of skin cancer due to their outdoor work?
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What is the potential for increased UV exposure by as much as 2 to 3 times at cruising altitude for pilots and cabin crew?
What is the potential for increased UV exposure by as much as 2 to 3 times at cruising altitude for pilots and cabin crew?
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What is the aim of primary skin cancer prevention in outdoor workers?
What is the aim of primary skin cancer prevention in outdoor workers?
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What are three successful measures in the prevention of skin cancer in outdoor workers?
What are three successful measures in the prevention of skin cancer in outdoor workers?
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What does ionizing radiation, such as X-rays, primarily cause in terms of skin cancer?
What does ionizing radiation, such as X-rays, primarily cause in terms of skin cancer?
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What is a characteristic manifestation of higher doses of acute exposure to ionizing radiation?
What is a characteristic manifestation of higher doses of acute exposure to ionizing radiation?
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What is characterized by long induction periods, often decades, with the first manifestations often not seen until many years after the occupational exposure?
What is characterized by long induction periods, often decades, with the first manifestations often not seen until many years after the occupational exposure?
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Which group of workers is at risk for Staphylococci and Streptococci infections according to the text?
Which group of workers is at risk for Staphylococci and Streptococci infections according to the text?
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What are the occupations at risk for infections that can affect worker productivity and ultimately the employer?
What are the occupations at risk for infections that can affect worker productivity and ultimately the employer?
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In addition to health care workers, which other group is mentioned as being at risk for Staphylococci and Streptococci infections?
In addition to health care workers, which other group is mentioned as being at risk for Staphylococci and Streptococci infections?
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Which infectious agents are still observed in at-risk occupational groups such as military personnel and forestry workers?
Which infectious agents are still observed in at-risk occupational groups such as military personnel and forestry workers?
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Which occupational group is most at risk for acquiring pseudocowpox (Milker Nodule)?
Which occupational group is most at risk for acquiring pseudocowpox (Milker Nodule)?
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Which occupational group is known to be affected by Butcher wart virus (HPV-7)?
Which occupational group is known to be affected by Butcher wart virus (HPV-7)?
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Which type of workers are at risk of bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV?
Which type of workers are at risk of bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV?
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What is the occupational group most at risk for developing complications due to handling animals with pseudocowpox and milker nodule?
What is the occupational group most at risk for developing complications due to handling animals with pseudocowpox and milker nodule?
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Which occupational group is known to be affected by the controversial nature of the risk of nasopharyngeal HPV?
Which occupational group is known to be affected by the controversial nature of the risk of nasopharyngeal HPV?
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Which occupational group is at risk for the 3 bloodborne viruses HBV, HCV, and HIV?
Which occupational group is at risk for the 3 bloodborne viruses HBV, HCV, and HIV?
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Which bacterium is responsible for fish tank granuloma?
Which bacterium is responsible for fish tank granuloma?
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Which occupation is most at risk for fish tank granuloma?
Which occupation is most at risk for fish tank granuloma?
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Which bacterium causes erysipeloid, an acute infection usually associated with occupational exposure?
Which bacterium causes erysipeloid, an acute infection usually associated with occupational exposure?
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What is the causative organism of pitted keratolysis, a dermatologic condition affecting the plantar skin?
What is the causative organism of pitted keratolysis, a dermatologic condition affecting the plantar skin?
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Who is at highest risk for brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis primarily affecting animals?
Who is at highest risk for brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis primarily affecting animals?
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What is the primary method of contracting brucellosis?
What is the primary method of contracting brucellosis?
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What is the characteristic feature of pitted keratolysis?
What is the characteristic feature of pitted keratolysis?
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Which bacterium causes anthrax, predominantly a cutaneous infection found in certain occupations?
Which bacterium causes anthrax, predominantly a cutaneous infection found in certain occupations?
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Which of the following occupations is at increased risk for Erysipeloid (Fish-Handler Disease)?
Which of the following occupations is at increased risk for Erysipeloid (Fish-Handler Disease)?
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Which occupational group is at risk for developing tinea pedis due to their work environment?
Which occupational group is at risk for developing tinea pedis due to their work environment?
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What is the most common form of tularemia presentation?
What is the most common form of tularemia presentation?
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Which occupational group is at risk for developing candida skin infections due to their work?
Which occupational group is at risk for developing candida skin infections due to their work?
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Which occupation is at risk of sporotrichosis due to the potential inoculation of Sporothrix schenckii via puncture wounds from thorns, splinters, sticks, and sphagnum moss?
Which occupation is at risk of sporotrichosis due to the potential inoculation of Sporothrix schenckii via puncture wounds from thorns, splinters, sticks, and sphagnum moss?
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Which occupational group is at risk for developing orf (ecthyma contagiosum) through contact with infected animals or fomites?
Which occupational group is at risk for developing orf (ecthyma contagiosum) through contact with infected animals or fomites?
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Which occupational group is at increased risk of tularemia, particularly for the pneumonic form of the disease?
Which occupational group is at increased risk of tularemia, particularly for the pneumonic form of the disease?
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What is the gold standard in diagnosing Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?
What is the gold standard in diagnosing Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?
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Which commercially available kit consists of 3 adhesive panels of 35 allergens and allergen mixes that are reported to be responsible for the majority of cases of ACD?
Which commercially available kit consists of 3 adhesive panels of 35 allergens and allergen mixes that are reported to be responsible for the majority of cases of ACD?
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What is the basic principle when conducting patch testing for occupational skin diseases?
What is the basic principle when conducting patch testing for occupational skin diseases?
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Which group of workers may require testing products from the workplace during patch testing for occupational skin diseases?
Which group of workers may require testing products from the workplace during patch testing for occupational skin diseases?
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What is the primary focus of managing occupational skin disorders?
What is the primary focus of managing occupational skin disorders?
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Which factor is NOT mentioned as a potential risk factor for occupational skin disorders?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a potential risk factor for occupational skin disorders?
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What is the last resort for prevention of occupational skin disorders mentioned in the text?
What is the last resort for prevention of occupational skin disorders mentioned in the text?
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What may be recommended when beryllium sensitization is initially suspected?
What may be recommended when beryllium sensitization is initially suspected?
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What is the primary role of employers in mitigating hazards related to occupational skin disorders?
What is the primary role of employers in mitigating hazards related to occupational skin disorders?
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What is the preferred approach if elimination or substitution of hazards is unrealistic?
What is the preferred approach if elimination or substitution of hazards is unrealistic?
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What has been associated with increased risk of allergic contact dermatitis according to the text?
What has been associated with increased risk of allergic contact dermatitis according to the text?
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What skin condition is known to increase susceptibility to irritants but not to allergens?
What skin condition is known to increase susceptibility to irritants but not to allergens?
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Which group has been reported to have reduced reactivity to irritants based on age?
Which group has been reported to have reduced reactivity to irritants based on age?
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What has been suggested as a role in developing allergic contact dermatitis?
What has been suggested as a role in developing allergic contact dermatitis?
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What has been linked to an increased risk of developing occupational skin disorders according to the text?
What has been linked to an increased risk of developing occupational skin disorders according to the text?
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What has been found to affect skin barrier functions and contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis and potential susceptibility towards contact dermatitis?
What has been found to affect skin barrier functions and contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis and potential susceptibility towards contact dermatitis?
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Who should perform patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)?
Who should perform patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)?
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What is the purpose of skin prick testing (SPT)?
What is the purpose of skin prick testing (SPT)?
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What does the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) measure?
What does the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) measure?
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What method is commonly used to detect exposure to arsenic in the blood?
What method is commonly used to detect exposure to arsenic in the blood?
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What is important when measuring arsenic in the urine for detecting exposure?
What is important when measuring arsenic in the urine for detecting exposure?
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What is the purpose of the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (Be-LPT)?
What is the purpose of the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (Be-LPT)?
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What is the recommended alternative to the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for diagnosing allergy?
What is the recommended alternative to the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for diagnosing allergy?
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What can skin scraping with potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation be used for?
What can skin scraping with potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation be used for?
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Which diagnostic test may be employed particularly for certain occupational exposures?
Which diagnostic test may be employed particularly for certain occupational exposures?
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What can scratch testing and scratch-chamber testing be used for?
What can scratch testing and scratch-chamber testing be used for?
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What is the highest prevalence of reported dermatitis in occupational categories according to the Standard Occupational Classification?
What is the highest prevalence of reported dermatitis in occupational categories according to the Standard Occupational Classification?
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What can limit hazardous exposures but may increase permeation and penetration of irritants and allergens if used improperly?
What can limit hazardous exposures but may increase permeation and penetration of irritants and allergens if used improperly?
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In health risk assessments, what is the initial step to identify workplace hazards?
In health risk assessments, what is the initial step to identify workplace hazards?
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What do Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) legally require for hazardous chemicals?
What do Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) legally require for hazardous chemicals?
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What helps delineate relative threshold concentrations of an exposure that results in adverse health effects?
What helps delineate relative threshold concentrations of an exposure that results in adverse health effects?
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What is usually performed for monitoring since certain toxic substances have legal permissible exposure limits (PELs) enforced by OSHA?
What is usually performed for monitoring since certain toxic substances have legal permissible exposure limits (PELs) enforced by OSHA?
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Study Notes
Occupational Skin Diseases
- The primary cause of occupational skin diseases is occupational contact dermatitis.
- Occupational contact dermatitis can be categorized into two types: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD)
- Irritant contact dermatitis is a non-immunologic reaction caused by direct exposure to an exogenous agent.
- The primary cause of irritant contact dermatitis is the disruption of the skin's natural barrier function.
- ICD can occur immediately or within hours of exposure, and the effects can become visible within a few hours.
- Clinical presentation of severe acute ICD includes erythema, edema, and bullae, while chronic ICD presents as dryness, scaling, and fissuring.
- ICD can be further categorized into acute, cumulative, traumatic, and subjective types.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)
- Allergic contact dermatitis is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction caused by a substance that evokes an allergic response.
- The primary cause of allergic contact dermatitis is the reaction to a substance by a type IV, delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
- ACD is characterized by an eczematous reaction, and the symptoms can take hours or days to develop.
Occupational Contact Dermatitis
- Occupational contact dermatitis accounts for approximately 90% of occupational skin diseases.
- Workers in certain occupations, such as healthcare workers, hairdressers, and food handlers, are at higher risk for irritant contact dermatitis.
- Certain substances, such as soaps, detergents, and chemicals, can cause occupational contact dermatitis.
Other Occupational Skin Conditions
- Asteatotic dermatitis is a condition that mainly occurs in dry weather conditions and is characterized by dry, scaly skin.
- Traumatic irritant contact dermatitis is caused by mechanical irritation, such as friction or pressure.
- Cumulative irritant contact dermatitis occurs due to repeated exposure to irritants and is characterized by dryness, scaling, and fissuring.
- Pustular and acneiform ICD results from exposure to specific irritants and is characterized by the formation of pustules and acne-like lesions.
Contact Urticaria
- Contact urticaria is a skin reaction that occurs within minutes to hours of exposure to an allergen or irritant.
- Immunologic contact urticaria (ICU) is caused by a type I hypersensitivity reaction, while nonimmunologic contact urticaria (NICU) is caused by the release of histamine and other mediators.
Skin Cancer
- Skin cancer is a major occupational health concern, particularly for outdoor workers.
- The primary cause of skin cancer is exposure to UV radiation.
- Outdoor workers, such as construction workers, farmers, and pilots, are at high risk for skin cancer due to their increased exposure to UV radiation.
Infectious Diseases
- Certain occupations, such as healthcare workers, military personnel, and forestry workers, are at risk for infectious diseases such as Staphylococci and Streptococci infections.
- Workers in certain industries, such as agriculture and construction, are at risk for bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV.
- Fish tank granuloma and erysipeloid are occupational infections that can affect workers in certain industries.
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Description
Test your knowledge about occupational contact dermatitis, a common type of occupational skin disease caused by exposure to workplace factors. Learn about the etiology and pathophysiology of this condition.
