Occlusion in Restorative Treatments
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Occlusion in Restorative Treatments

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Questions and Answers

What is considered a normal ejection fraction range?

  • 50-60% (correct)
  • 40-50%
  • 30-40%
  • 70-80%

    • What compensatory mechanism increases heart rate and contractility in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?

  • Reduced venous return
  • Decreased vagal tone
  • Increased preload
  • Sympathetic activation (correct)

    • Which treatment is commonly used to reduce hypertension in patients with reduced ejection fraction?

  • Nitrates
  • Diuretics
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • ACE inhibitors (correct)

    • What characterizes preserved ejection fraction in heart failure?

    <p>Low cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases sodium and water retention in heart failure, leading to increased preload?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does elevated angiotensin II have on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Constricts blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions typically occurs during the mechanical response to heart failure?

    <p>Increased peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to reduced ejection fraction due to weak heart muscle?

    <p>Systolic failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Peripheral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the conformative approach in dentistry?

    <p>Maintaining existing occlusal relationships across three planes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is considered the thinnest for fine occlusal adjustments of restorations?

    <p>Articulating foil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary requirements of an ideal articulating paper or foil?

    <p>Water-resistant to maintain usability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assessment requires the patient to tap their teeth together and keep them closed?

    <p>Static assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of articulating paper helps in preventing it from sticking to itself?

    <p>Static-free quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be verified at the completion of restorations in the conformative approach?

    <p>No changes have been made to occlusal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT typically used to check direct occlusal contact relationships?

    <p>Electrognathography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When visually assessing dental contacts during a restoration process, what is an important step?

    <p>Take mental notes before restoration removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using thinner articulating papers?

    <p>Difficult to fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Class II, division 1 malocclusion, which characteristic is present?

    <p>Protruded anterior teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Curve of Wilson related to in terms of the occlusal surface?

    <p>Concave nature of mandibular cusp tips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description accurately defines dynamic occlusion during lateral excursions?

    <p>Movement involving both the working and non-working sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes functional cusps from non-functional cusps?

    <p>Functional cusps occlude with opposing teeth in centric occlusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the terminal hinge axis position defined in occlusion?

    <p>When the condyles are posterior and superior in the glenoid fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is critical for the success of restorative treatments regarding occlusion?

    <p>Analyzing occlusion for proper function long-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of centric relation?

    <p>The maxillomandibular relationship independent of tooth contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors directly affects the occlusal contact between maxillary and mandibular dentition?

    <p>Development of the maxilla and mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does retruded position refer to in TMJ movement?

    <p>The position of condyle in the posterior most area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship of maxillary teeth in standard centric occlusion?

    <p>They overlap the mandibular teeth horizontally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term defines the cusp to fossa relation of maxillary and mandibular teeth?

    <p>Intercuspal position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of molar relationship is considered normal occlusion?

    <p>Class 1 (orthognathic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does overbite describe in relation to dental occlusion?

    <p>Vertical overlap of maxillary over mandibular teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect plays a significant role in the neuromuscular anatomy of occlusion?

    <p>Skeletal relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the maxillary arch outline in relation to the mandibular arch?

    <p>The maxillary arch is relatively wider than the mandibular arch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are predominantly involved in mastication and jaw movements?

    <p>Principle and accessory muscles of mastication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does repeated infections with Group A streptococcus have on the heart valves?

    <p>Leads to regurgitation due to calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of prevention aims to stop the environmental factors that lead to Group A streptococcus infections?

    <p>Primordial prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of B-cells and T-cells in response to Group A streptococcus infection?

    <p>Create antibodies and coordinate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the electron sea model describe metal properties?

    <p>Delocalized electrons allow for conductivity and malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to result from the formation of vegetations on heart valves as a complication of rheumatic heart disease?

    <p>Increased risk of infective endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the crystalline structure of metals in terms of arrangement?

    <p>Regular arrangement forming 3D lattices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of rheumatic heart disease, what does the primary prevention strategy involve?

    <p>Regular antibiotic injections to prevent ARF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the myocardium following repeated infections due to rheumatic fever?

    <p>It has the ability to recover function after damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of low stroke volume on the overall cardiovascular health?

    <p>Reduces cardiac output, affecting organ perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atrial fibrillation and overstretched atria contribute to complications in rheumatic heart disease?

    <p>They increase the workload on the heart and risk of stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Occlusion in Restorative Treatments

    • Two main approaches for managing a patient's dentition for restorative treatments:
      • Conformative approach: maintaining existing occlusal relationships in all three planes (anteroposterior, vertical, and horizontal)
      • Reorganized approach: changing pre-existing occlusal relationships to correct major discrepancies, typically for complex treatments.

    Assessing Occlusion

    • Patient's occlusal relationships, both static and dynamic, must be analyzed before any restorative procedure in a conformative approach.
    • Occlusion should be verified to ensure no changes after restoration completion.
    • Checking direct occlusal contact relationships can be done using:
      • Articulating paper
      • Shimstock
      • Clinical observation.

    Articulating Paper and Foil

    • Available in various thicknesses (40-200 nanometers) with different colors and shapes for various applications.
    • Thinner paper offers higher accuracy but can be difficult to manipulate and fold.
    • Articulating foil is the thinnest material ideal for fine occlusal adjustments and accurate analysis.

    Ideal Properties of Articulating Paper and Foil

    • Precise marking without smudging for accurate adjustments.
    • Tear-resistant to withstand gentle pulling.
    • Water-resistant to prevent mush after the first use.
    • Static-free, especially thinner materials, to prevent sticking.
    • Pressure-dependent marking, with heavier contact resulting in darker markings.
    • Marks highly polished surfaces like gold, porcelain, and ceramics even when wet.

    Visual Assessment of Occlusion

    • Visual evaluation of dental contacts around the arch is crucial before removing damaged restorations.
    • Occlusion should be re-established after restorations, following the desired functional goals.

    Clinical Procedure

    • Occlusion should be checked before starting and after finishing restorations.
    • Static assessment: patient taps teeth together and holds closed for a uniform mark.
    • Dynamic assessment: assesses occlusion during jaw movements like chewing.

    Holdes

    • Holders are used to facilitate the use of articulating paper for easier application.

    Neuromuscular Aspect of Occlusion

    • Includes the anatomy of:
      • Muscles of mastication/jaw movements
      • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
      • Skeletal relationship
      • Teeth

    TMJ Anatomy

    • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex joint connecting the mandible to the temporal bone.
    • It allows for a wide range of jaw movements.

    Occlusal Terminology

    • Centric Relation: the maximum intercuspation of teeth when the condyles are in their most superior and anterior position.
    • Centric Occlusion: the occlusion of opposing teeth when the mandible is in centric relation.
    • Retruded Position: the most posterior position of the condyle during jaw movement.
    • Retruded Contact Position: initial contact of a tooth or teeth during closure around a transverse horizontal axis.
    • Intercuspal Position: cusp to fossa relation of maxillary and mandibular teeth.

    Development of Occlusion

    • Primary dentition: the first set of teeth, usually erupts around 6-8 months and consists of 20 teeth.
    • Permanent dentition: the second set of teeth, usually erupts around 6-12 years and consists of 32 teeth.

    Overjet and Overbite

    • The maxillary arch is generally wider than the mandibular arch.
    • Overjet: horizontal overlap of maxillary teeth over mandibular teeth.
    • Overbite: vertical overlap of maxillary teeth over mandibular teeth.

    Molar Relationships

    • Class I (orthognathic): considered normal occlusion, with the maxillary first molar MB cusp positioned over the mid-buccal groove of the mandibular first molar.
    • Class II (retrognathic): Maxillary teeth are positioned relatively forward in relation to mandibular teeth compared to Class I.
      • Division 1: protruded anterior teeth.
      • Division 2: one or more retruded maxillary anterior teeth.
    • Class III (prognathic): Lower molars are positioned forward compared to Class I and don't align with their corresponding upper molars.
    • Class II and III are considered malocclusion.

    Curves and Planes of Occlusion

    • Curve of Spee: anteroposterior curvature of occlusal surfaces following the tips of cuspids, bicuspids, and molars.
    • Curve of Wilson: the occlusal curve in the frontal plane, representing concavity on the mandibular side and convexity on the maxillary side.
    • Both curves promote smooth lateral excursions without interferences.

    Dynamic Occlusion

    • Hinge: describes opening and closing movements along a horizontal axis.
    • Translation: describes lateral and protrusive movements.

    Lateral Occlusion

    • Working Side: the side towards which the mandible moves during lateral excursions.
    • Non-Working Side: the side away from which the mandible moves during lateral excursions.
    • Terminal Hinge Axis Position: when the condyles are in their most posterior and superior position in the glenoid fossa.

    Functional and Non-Functional Cusps

    • Functional Cusps (Working Cusps): cusps that occlude with opposing teeth in centric occlusion. In normal occlusion, these are the palatal cusps of maxillary posterior teeth and buccal cusps of mandibular posterior teeth.
    • Non-Functional Cusps: cusps that do not occlude with opposing teeth in centric occlusion. In normal occlusion, these are the buccal cusps of maxillary posterior teeth and lingual cusps of mandibular posterior teeth.

    Occlusion in Restorative Treatments

    • Two approaches manage a patient's dentition for restoration:
      • Conformative approach: maintaining existing occlusal relationships.
      • Reorganized approach: changing pre-existing occlusal relationships to correct discrepancies.
    • Proper function and analysis of occlusion are crucial for long-term restorative success.

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    Description

    Explore the two main approaches to managing occlusion in restorative treatments: conformative and reorganized. This quiz covers the assessment of occlusal relationships, tools for verification, and the use of articulating paper and foil in practice. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in dental restoration.

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