Occlusion in Dentistry

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes Class 2 division 2 malocclusion?

Deep overbite (correct)

Excessive overjet

Anteriors do not touch in centric occlusion

Crowded posterior teeth

Which type of occlusion is defined as when only the canines are in contact during lateral excursion?

Canine rise (correct)

Centric occlusion

Crossbite

Group function

What condition describes the situation when anterior teeth do not touch in centric occlusion?

Open bite (correct)

Ankylosis

Mesioclusion

Overbite

What is the average overbite measurement in children?

2.5mm Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the gingival unit?

Cementum Signup and view all the answers

What happens during premature contact of teeth?

Excessive force on one tooth occurs Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of the masticatory mucosa?

Dense mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which molar relationship is the most common amongst children when considering primary occlusion?

Mesial step Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines a flush terminal plane in primary occlusion?

Distal surfaces of primary second molars are aligned Signup and view all the answers

What does deep bite in dental occlusion primarily refer to?

Insufficient eruption of posterior teeth Signup and view all the answers

What can occur as a result of thumb sucking or tongue thrusting in infants?

Protrusion of permanent incisors Signup and view all the answers

What are primate spaces in dental arches?

Large spaces adjacent to primary canines Signup and view all the answers

Which dental relationship is common when the distal surface of the mandibular second molar is positioned more distally than the maxillary second molar?

Distal step Signup and view all the answers

What does leeway space refer to in dental occlusion?

Space gained from the size difference between primary molars and premolars Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to happen if the condyle grows at an angle during jaw development?

Less visibility of mandibular incisors Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences the alignment of teeth?

Facial development and tongue pressure Signup and view all the answers

How is a Class 2 canine relationship defined?

The man canine’s distal surface is one premolar width distal to the max canine Signup and view all the answers

What does intercuspation refer to?

The mesial-distal and buccal-lingual relationships of maxillary and mandibular teeth Signup and view all the answers

What defines an open bite?

The anterior teeth do not touch when in centric occlusion Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes ideal occlusion?

Crowns of teeth tipped mesially and well-formed arches Signup and view all the answers

What marks the beginning of occlusion?

Eruption of primary teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT listed as influencing occlusion?

Age of permanent teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dentition completion age?

2.5 years Signup and view all the answers

What can cause retrusion of the mandibular teeth?

Overdevelopment of the mandibular lip Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding vertical alignment of teeth?

All teeth show a slight mesial inclination when viewed laterally. Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as centric relation?

The position of the mandible relative to the maxillae. Signup and view all the answers

Which classification describes a retruded mandible?

Class 2 retrognathic Signup and view all the answers

What type of mucosa is found on the hard palate?

Masticatory mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is termed as cross bite?

When mandibular teeth are situated more facially than maxillary counterparts. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about attached gingiva?

It has a thicker epithelial layer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alveolar mucosa?

To aid the well-being of other gingival tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What influences the stability of occlusion?

A flat plane of occlusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the depth range of healthy gingival sulcus?

3 mm or less Signup and view all the answers

What type of collagen fibers are present in attached gingiva?

Collagenous fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rete peg formation in attached gingiva?

It creates dimples in the epithelial surface. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the space between the free gingiva and the tooth?

Gingival sulcus Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes masticatory mucosa from other types of mucosa?

It has less mobility. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the alveolar mucosa?

It is apical to the attached gingiva and continuous with the lining of the oral cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the attachment unit or periodontium?

It provides nutrition, formation, and sensory functions. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best defines cellular cementum?

Cementoblasts are embedded within it. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is specifically referred to as bundle bone?

The inner bone forming the socket wall that attaches to the PDL. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the organic matrix in alveolar bone?

Collagen and intercellular substance. Signup and view all the answers

How do the trabecular bones within the alveolar process primarily appear?

Crisscrossed with holes, resembling a sponge. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the function of the periodontal ligament?

It suspends the teeth like a hammock between the alveolar bone. Signup and view all the answers

What do transseptal fibers in the periodontal ligament connect?

Adjacent teeth crossing the interdental septum. Signup and view all the answers

Which molar relationship is most typical in primary occlusion among children?

Mesial step Signup and view all the answers

What can a flush terminal plane lead to in terms of occlusion classification?

Class 1 malocclusion Signup and view all the answers

In primary dentition, how are primary spaces described?

Spaces created as arches grow despite the teeth remaining the same size Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the leeway space in dental occlusion?

The difference in size between primary molars and premolars Signup and view all the answers

What primarily causes a deep bite in dental occlusion?

Displacement of the condyle head distally in the glenoid fossa Signup and view all the answers

Which occlusal condition can thumb sucking or tongue thrusting in infants potentially lead to?

Protrusion of permanent incisors Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is the distal surface of the second mandibular molar positioned relative to the maxillary second molar in a distal step occlusion?

Distal to the maxillary second molar Signup and view all the answers

What developmental event marks the beginning of occlusion?

Eruption of primary central incisors Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs when the maxillary teeth overlap the mandibular teeth horizontally?

Overjet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to Class 2 division 2 malocclusion?

Deep overbite Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of 'canine rise' during lateral excursion?

Only the canines are in contact Signup and view all the answers

Which component is part of the attachment unit in the supporting structures?

Periodontal ligament Signup and view all the answers

What defines an open bite in dental occlusion?

Widely separated anterior teeth in centric occlusion Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the layout of maxillary and mandibular teeth when closed?

Interdigitation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the masticatory mucosa?

Subjected to trauma while grinding food Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence the alignment of teeth?

Growth of condyles Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the curve of Spee?

It provides more room for tooth eruption. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an overjet in dental occlusion?

Horizontal distance between the labial surfaces of the incisors Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a flat occlusal plane?

It may limit the function of occlusion. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with class 2 canine relationship?

Mandibular canine is positioned distal to maxillary canine by one premolar width. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily establishes the vertical height of primary occlusion?

Primary molars Signup and view all the answers

What does mesial step refer to in dental occlusion?

The first permanent mandibular molar is mesial to the first permanent maxillary molar. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the term intercuspation in orthodontics?

Mesial-distal and buccal-lingual relationships of maxillary and mandibular teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes attached gingiva from free gingiva?

It is not mobile. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with masticatory mucosa?

Significant keratinization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of alveolar mucosa?

It aids the well-being of gingival tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT true about healthy gingival sulcus?

It can be deeper than 3mm. Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in attached gingiva?

Stratified squamous epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the depth of free gingiva?

It ranges from 0.5-2mm in depth. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gingival tissue shows stippled surfaces?

Attached gingiva. Signup and view all the answers

What are Sharpey’s fibers known for?

Embedding into the cementum or alveolar bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tongue in horizontal alignment of teeth?

It helps in pushing teeth toward the lips and cheeks. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about vertical alignment of teeth is true?

All teeth exhibit a slight mesial inclination when viewed laterally. Signup and view all the answers

What accurately describes centric occlusion?

The habitual way teeth come together when the jaws are closed. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of occlusal classification, which class represents a normal relationship between maxilla and mandible?

Class 1 orthognathic Signup and view all the answers

What does cross bite refer to?

When one or more teeth in the mandibular arch are located facially to their maxillary counterparts. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influences how the teeth align in dental occlusion?

The forces from surrounding soft tissues such as lips and cheeks. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the condition known as acromegaly in relation to dental occlusion?

It can result in the mandible growing while the maxilla remains stable. Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue primarily comprises the alveolar bone?

Soft cancellous (spongy) bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cementoblasts in the context of cellular cementum?

To build and maintain cementum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure specifically forms the attachment of the periodontal ligament with Sharpey's fibers?

Bundle bone Signup and view all the answers

What does trabecular bone within the alveolar process primarily look like?

A spongy structure with crisscross patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinguishing feature of acellular cementum?

Extends over the entire root Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone primarily surrounds the alveolar process?

Cortical bone Signup and view all the answers

How does cellular cementum grow in response to changes in function and pressure?

Through apposition of new layers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Occlusion

Occlusion is influenced by eruption patterns, facial development, and mesial drift.
Muscle forces affecting teeth alignment include tongue pressure pushing teeth out, and cheeks and lips holding teeth in place.
Curve of Spee is a slight curve in normal occlusions, higher at anterior and posterior teeth, dipping in the middle.
A flat-plane occlusion does not have the same space for tooth eruption as a curve of Spee occlusion.
Open bite occurs when anterior teeth do not touch in centric occlusion.
Overbite is the extension of the maxillary anterior incisors below the mandibular ones; average in children is 2.5 mm.
Overjet is the facial horizontal overlap of the maxillary teeth over the mandibular teeth; average in children is 3 mm.
Class 2 canine relationship is characterized by the mandibular canine's distal position being distal to the maxillary canine by one premolar width.
Mesial step describes a common primary occlusion relationship where the distal surface of the mandibular second primary molar is more mesial than the maxillary one.
Factors impacting occlusion include hereditary, unrestored baby teeth, decayed molars, impacted teeth, missing teeth, growth of condyles, and leeway and primate spaces.
Ideal occlusion involves a flat occlusal plane with a slight curve of Spee, tight proximal contacts, symmetrical upper and lower arches with no rotated teeth, correctly tipped teeth, and appropriate incisor and molar relationships.
Factors affecting occlusal relationships include the relationship of the primary molars, early mandible growth, and relationship between the permanent molars.
Tooth movement in the alveolar bone can occur, causing protrusion.

Primary Occlusion

The vertical height of primary occlusion is established by primary molars.
Intercuspation refers to how the maxillary teeth touch, contact, and interlock with the mandibular teeth.
Flush terminal plane is more common in children than distal step.
Mesial step describes an occlusion where the distal surface of the mandibular primary second molar is mesial to the maxillary one.
A distal step occurs when the second mandibular molar is distal to the second maxillary molar.
Primary spaces are diastemas and primate spaces that can occur when the arches grow but the teeth don't.
Leeway space is the difference in size between primary molars and premolars.
Deep bite occurs when posterior teeth do not erupt far enough while the mandible grows, resulting in a smaller occlusal plane.
Thumb sucking and tongue thrusting can affect permanent incisor positioning

Occlusion Development

Occlusion development begins with primary teeth eruption, first with central incisors and continuing with lateral incisors, and then molars.
At 16 months, primary molars erupt, establishing the vertical height of primary occlusion.
By 2.5 years of age, primary dentition is complete.
Tongue and lip pressure affect facial tooth movement.
Intercuspation is crucial for proper teeth positioning and chewing function.

Additional Notes

Skeletal Class 1 is considered normal; Class 2 is retrognathic and Class 3 is prognathic.
Canines and first molars assist in classifying occlusion.
Common classifications of occlusion include Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3.
Lateral excursion involves the jaw moving to the side.
Group function occurs when premolars meet; canine rise happens when only canines meet.
Premature contact occurs when a tooth touches beforehand, disrupting rest of the occlusal sequence.
Protrusion occurs when teeth are pushed anterior.
Occlusion is affected by factors like disease or acromegaly.
Classification can relate to jaw structure (skeletal classfication) in addition to teeth relationships

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Description

This quiz explores the various aspects of occlusion in dentistry, including factors influencing tooth alignment and the significance of the Curve of Spee. It covers key terms like open bite, overbite, and overjet, alongside classifications of canine relationships. Test your knowledge on how eruption patterns and muscle forces affect dental occlusion.