Obtaining Food and Energy in Living Organisms
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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which autotrophs fulfill their carbon and energy requirements?

  • Osmosis
  • Respiration
  • Fermentation
  • Photosynthesis (correct)

    • Which organisms use simple food material obtained from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and water?

  • Fungi
  • Animals
  • Green plants and some bacteria (correct)
  • Viruses

    • What type of organisms directly or indirectly depend on autotrophs for their survival?

  • Green plants
  • Animals (correct)
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria

    • Which process is used by organisms to break down complex substances into simpler ones before they can be used for the upkeep and growth of the body?

    <p>Enzymatic catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of energy and materials for living things?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general requirement for energy and materials in all organisms?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as the internal energy reserve for plants?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Conversion of water and carbon dioxide to carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do desert plants do in relation to carbon dioxide uptake at night?

    <p>They prepare an intermediate acted upon by chlorophyll during the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do green dots in cells under a microscope represent?

    <p>Chloroplasts containing chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are carbohydrates utilised for in plants?

    <p>Providing energy to the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the starch during photosynthesis?

    <p>It serves as an internal energy reserve for plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cell organelles containing chlorophyll called?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of carbohydrates in photosynthesis?

    <p>Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycogen in human bodies?

    <p>Serving as the internal energy reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme in saliva breaks down starch into sugar?

    <p>Salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

    <p>Activating the enzyme pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mucus in the stomach?

    <p>Protecting the stomach lining from acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are peristaltic movements responsible for along the digestive tube?

    <p>Pushing food forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the muscular walls of the stomach?

    <p>Mixing food with digestive juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of salivary amylase in the mouth?

    <p>Breaking down starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the anal sphincter at the end of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Regulating the release of waste material from the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of bile salts in the small intestine?

    <p>Emulsifying fats for efficient enzyme action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does pancreatic juice NOT perform in the small intestine?

    <p>Neutralizing stomach acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Increasing the surface area for absorption of digested food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of extensive coiling in the small intestine?

    <p>It allows a longer small intestine to fit in a compact space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the length of the small intestine in different animals?

    <p>The type of food they eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do herbivores require a longer small intestine compared to carnivores?

    <p>To enable efficient digestion of cellulose in grass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intestinal juice secreted by glands in the small intestine?

    <p>Final conversion of nutrients for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the liver secretions received by the small intestine?

    <p>To emulsify fats for efficient enzyme action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are meat-eating animals like tigers found to have a shorter small intestine compared to herbivores?

    <p>Because meat is easier to digest</p> Signup and view all the answers

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