Obtaining Food and Energy in Living Organisms

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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which autotrophs fulfill their carbon and energy requirements?

  • Osmosis
  • Respiration
  • Fermentation
  • Photosynthesis (correct)

Which organisms use simple food material obtained from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and water?

  • Fungi
  • Animals
  • Green plants and some bacteria (correct)
  • Viruses

What type of organisms directly or indirectly depend on autotrophs for their survival?

  • Green plants
  • Animals (correct)
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria

Which process is used by organisms to break down complex substances into simpler ones before they can be used for the upkeep and growth of the body?

<p>Enzymatic catalysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy and materials for living things?

<p>Sunlight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general requirement for energy and materials in all organisms?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the internal energy reserve for plants?

<p>Starch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the process of photosynthesis?

<p>Conversion of water and carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do desert plants do in relation to carbon dioxide uptake at night?

<p>They prepare an intermediate acted upon by chlorophyll during the day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do green dots in cells under a microscope represent?

<p>Chloroplasts containing chlorophyll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

<p>Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are carbohydrates utilised for in plants?

<p>Providing energy to the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the starch during photosynthesis?

<p>It serves as an internal energy reserve for plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cell organelles containing chlorophyll called?

<p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of carbohydrates in photosynthesis?

<p>Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycogen in human bodies?

<p>Serving as the internal energy reserve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme in saliva breaks down starch into sugar?

<p>Salivary amylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

<p>Activating the enzyme pepsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mucus in the stomach?

<p>Protecting the stomach lining from acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are peristaltic movements responsible for along the digestive tube?

<p>Pushing food forward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscular walls of the stomach?

<p>Mixing food with digestive juices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of salivary amylase in the mouth?

<p>Breaking down starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the anal sphincter at the end of the alimentary canal?

<p>Regulating the release of waste material from the large intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of bile salts in the small intestine?

<p>Emulsifying fats for efficient enzyme action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function does pancreatic juice NOT perform in the small intestine?

<p>Neutralizing stomach acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of villi in the small intestine?

<p>Increasing the surface area for absorption of digested food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of extensive coiling in the small intestine?

<p>It allows a longer small intestine to fit in a compact space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the length of the small intestine in different animals?

<p>The type of food they eat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do herbivores require a longer small intestine compared to carnivores?

<p>To enable efficient digestion of cellulose in grass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intestinal juice secreted by glands in the small intestine?

<p>Final conversion of nutrients for absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the liver secretions received by the small intestine?

<p>To emulsify fats for efficient enzyme action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are meat-eating animals like tigers found to have a shorter small intestine compared to herbivores?

<p>Because meat is easier to digest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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