32 Questions
What is the process by which autotrophs fulfill their carbon and energy requirements?
Photosynthesis
Which organisms use simple food material obtained from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and water?
Green plants and some bacteria
What type of organisms directly or indirectly depend on autotrophs for their survival?
Animals
Which process is used by organisms to break down complex substances into simpler ones before they can be used for the upkeep and growth of the body?
Enzymatic catalysis
What is the source of energy and materials for living things?
Sunlight
What is the general requirement for energy and materials in all organisms?
Carbon dioxide and water
What serves as the internal energy reserve for plants?
Starch
What is the outcome of the process of photosynthesis?
Conversion of water and carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
What do desert plants do in relation to carbon dioxide uptake at night?
They prepare an intermediate acted upon by chlorophyll during the day
What do green dots in cells under a microscope represent?
Chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
What are carbohydrates utilised for in plants?
Providing energy to the plant
What happens to the starch during photosynthesis?
It serves as an internal energy reserve for plants
What are the cell organelles containing chlorophyll called?
Chloroplasts
What is the main role of carbohydrates in photosynthesis?
Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
What is the function of glycogen in human bodies?
Serving as the internal energy reserve
What enzyme in saliva breaks down starch into sugar?
Salivary amylase
What is the main function of the hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Activating the enzyme pepsin
What is the role of mucus in the stomach?
Protecting the stomach lining from acid
What are peristaltic movements responsible for along the digestive tube?
Pushing food forward
What is the function of the muscular walls of the stomach?
Mixing food with digestive juices
What is the primary function of salivary amylase in the mouth?
Breaking down starch
What is the role of the anal sphincter at the end of the alimentary canal?
Regulating the release of waste material from the large intestine
What is the primary role of bile salts in the small intestine?
Emulsifying fats for efficient enzyme action
Which function does pancreatic juice NOT perform in the small intestine?
Neutralizing stomach acids
What is the main purpose of villi in the small intestine?
Increasing the surface area for absorption of digested food
What is the significance of extensive coiling in the small intestine?
It allows a longer small intestine to fit in a compact space
What determines the length of the small intestine in different animals?
The type of food they eat
Why do herbivores require a longer small intestine compared to carnivores?
To enable efficient digestion of cellulose in grass
What is the primary function of intestinal juice secreted by glands in the small intestine?
Final conversion of nutrients for absorption
What is the purpose of the liver secretions received by the small intestine?
To emulsify fats for efficient enzyme action
Why are meat-eating animals like tigers found to have a shorter small intestine compared to herbivores?
Because meat is easier to digest
This quiz explores how living organisms obtain food and energy. It discusses the general requirement for energy and materials common in all organisms, but fulfilled in different ways.
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