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Questions and Answers
What is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy?
What is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy?
Photosynthesis
What are the two substances taken in by autotrophs during photosynthesis?
What are the two substances taken in by autotrophs during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
What is the stored form of energy produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis?
What is the stored form of energy produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis?
Carbohydrates
Which group of organisms directly or indirectly depend on autotrophs for their survival?
Which group of organisms directly or indirectly depend on autotrophs for their survival?
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What are the organisms that use simple food material obtained from inorganic sources such as carbon dioxide and water?
What are the organisms that use simple food material obtained from inorganic sources such as carbon dioxide and water?
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What are the bio-catalysts used by organisms to break down complex substances into simpler ones?
What are the bio-catalysts used by organisms to break down complex substances into simpler ones?
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What serves as the internal energy reserve in plants?
What serves as the internal energy reserve in plants?
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What are the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves called?
What are the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves called?
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What causes the opening of stomatal pores in plants?
What causes the opening of stomatal pores in plants?
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What elements are essential for plant growth and are taken up from the soil?
What elements are essential for plant growth and are taken up from the soil?
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What is the form of nitrogen taken up by plants for protein synthesis?
What is the form of nitrogen taken up by plants for protein synthesis?
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How do guard cells control the opening and closing of stomatal pores?
How do guard cells control the opening and closing of stomatal pores?
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Study Notes
Energy Requirements
- Energy is required to maintain a state of order in our body, even when we are not doing any apparent activity.
- Energy is also needed to grow, develop, synthesize protein, and other substances needed in the body.
Food as the Source of Energy and Materials
- The source of energy and materials is the food we eat.
- Food provides energy and materials for the upkeep and growth of the body.
Autotrophic Nutrition
- Autotrophs, including green plants and some bacteria, use simple food materials obtained from inorganic sources.
- Autotrophs obtain carbon dioxide and water from the environment and convert them into stored forms of energy through photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis occurs in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, producing carbohydrates that provide energy to the plant.
- Excess carbohydrates are stored in the form of starch, serving as the internal energy reserve.
- Plants obtain carbon dioxide through stomata, tiny pores on the surface of leaves, which can be closed when not needed.
Autotrophic Nutrition (Continued)
- Autotrophs also need other raw materials for building their body, such as water, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium.
- Water is taken up from the soil by the roots in terrestrial plants.
- Nitrogen is an essential element used in the synthesis of proteins and other compounds, taken up in the form of inorganic nitrates or nitrites, or as organic compounds prepared by bacteria from atmospheric nitrogen.
Heterotrophic Nutrition
- Heterotrophs, including animals and fungi, utilize complex substances that need to be broken down into simpler ones before they can be used for the upkeep and growth of the body.
- Heterotrophs use bio-catalysts called enzymes to break down complex substances.
- The survival of heterotrophs depends directly or indirectly on autotrophs.
- Different organisms have adapted to their environment, using various strategies to obtain and use food, such as breaking down food material outside the body or using specific nutritive apparatus.
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Description
Explore how living organisms fulfill their energy and material requirements through various sources of food. Understand the different ways in which organisms acquire energy and materials for growth and maintenance.
