Normal Labor and its complications ppt
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom that may indicate chorioamnionitis?

  • Fetal tachycardia
  • Uterine tenderness
  • Foul-smelling amniotic fluid
  • Prolonged labor (correct)

What is a potential risk associated with chorioamnionitis?

  • Diminished uterine contractions
  • Maternal infection/sepsis/endometritis (correct)
  • Increased likelihood of drug resistance
  • Reduced fetal monitoring

Which condition is characterized by an abnormal progression of labor?

  • Active Labor
  • Chorioamnionitis
  • Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
  • Labor Dystocia (correct)

What is a recognized treatment for chorioamnionitis?

<p>IV antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is associated with an increased likelihood of developing chorioamnionitis?

<p>Known vaginal infections/ STDs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the active phase of labor?

<p>Rapid effacement and dilation occurs with increased pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lightening' refer to during pregnancy?

<p>The perception accompanying engagement of the fetal head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is cervical effacement described?

<p>As a percentage from 0% to 100% of pre-effacement length (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a fetal station of +3 indicate?

<p>The fetal head is at the vaginal introitus, ready to be delivered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of labor does the delivery of the placenta occur?

<p>Third stage of labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does effacement typically occur in subsequent pregnancies compared to the first delivery?

<p>Effacement often occurs after some dilation has already begun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding fetal head position during labor?

<p>It is described based on the location of the fetal occiput (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives cervical dilation during labor?

<p>Regular and rhythmic contractions of the uterus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the second stage of labor?

<p>Full dilation to delivery of the fetus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered an instrumentation option for deliveries?

<p>Episiotomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of performing an episiotomy?

<p>To facilitate immediate delivery when needed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What degree of vaginal laceration is described as a 'carpet burn'?

<p>1st degree (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an absolute indication for a cesarean section?

<p>Cephalo-pelvic dispersion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with a classical cesarean section incision?

<p>1%-9% risk of rupture during subsequent labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication is associated with 3rd and 4th degree vaginal lacerations?

<p>Urinary and defecation issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered a contraindication for labor induction?

<p>Placenta previa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common fetal malpresentation during labor?

<p>Breech presentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT typically used for cervical ripening during labor induction?

<p>Hysterectomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected time for placental delivery after the baby is born?

<p>2-10 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using synthetic prostaglandins for induction, what dosing is associated with most adverse issues?

<p>25 mcg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition might be treated using external cephalic version (ECV)?

<p>Breech presentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the first stage of labor, what distinguishes the latent phase from the active phase?

<p>Latent phase is characterized by slow dilation and early effacement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines engagement in the context of labor?

<p>When the fetus's presenting part enters the pelvic inlet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the fetal station described during labor?

<p>In terms of the distance from the ischial spines to the fetal head. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cervical effacement is considered complete?

<p>100% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the process of cervical dilation in subsequent pregnancies?

<p>Effacement usually occurs before dilation begins in later pregnancies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of a 3rd or 4th degree vaginal laceration?

<p>Ongoing urinary or defecation issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT commonly indicated for performing a cesarean section?

<p>Persistent labor despite strong contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration regarding the risk of uterine rupture with prior cesarean sections?

<p>The risk increases with each additional incision made on the uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods used for cervical ripening carries an increased risk of peripartum infections?

<p>Mechanical cervical dilators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario could justify the use of moxibustion for a breech pregnancy?

<p>When there is sufficient amniotic fluid present (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Labor

Regular contractions that cause changes to the cervix (effacement and dilation), usually resulting in childbirth.

Dilation

The widening of the cervix during labor, measured from 1 cm to 10 cm.

Effacement

Thinning of the cervix, from thick to thin, expressed as a percentage.

Fetal Station

Position of the baby's head relative to the ischial spines of the mother's pelvis, from -3 to +3.

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Engagement

The widest part of the baby's head passing through the mother's pelvic inlet.

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First Stage of Labor

The stage of labor involving cervical dilation and effacement, divided into latent and active phases.

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Active Labor Phase

Faster effacement and dilation (6-fully dilated cm)

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Latent Labor Phase

The early part of labor; slow cervical dilation and effacement (0-6 cm).

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Chorioamnionitis

Inflammation of fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) caused by bacterial infection, often from vaginal bacteria. Symptoms often include fever, uterine tenderness, and fetal tachycardia.

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Risk Factors for Chorioamnionitis

Factors increasing the chance of chorioamnionitis include: vaginal infections, water breaking longer than 20 hours, frequent cervical exams, internal monitoring, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), or preterm labor (PTL).

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Chorioamnionitis Treatment

Treatment involves IV antibiotics (continuing for 24 hours after delivery), fetal monitoring, and prompt delivery.

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Labor Dystocia

Labor's abnormal, slow progression; a departure from the normal Friedman's curve due to an imbalance in maternal factors.

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Symptoms of Chorioamnionitis

Common signs include fever, uterine tenderness, increased fetal heart rate, or foul-smelling amniotic fluid.

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Caput Succedaneum

Localized swelling of the fetal head caused by pressure during labor

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Cardinal Movements

Series of precise movements the fetal head undergoes to fit through the pelvis during labor

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Instrumental Delivery

Use of forceps or vacuum to assist birth, done when vaginal birth is difficult or dangerous

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Episiotomy

Surgical cut to the perineum (tissue between vagina and anus) to enlarge the birth canal

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Vaginal Lacerations

Tears in the vaginal tissues during delivery, graded 1-4 based on severity

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Third Stage of Labor

Stage after birth, involving placenta delivery

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Cesarean Section

Surgical removal of baby through abdominal incision

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Breech Presentation

Baby's position for delivery with bottom or feet first

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ECV (External Cephalic Version)

Procedure to rotate a breech baby to a head-first position

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Induction of Labor

Stimulation of labor with medications or other procedures

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Oxytocin

Medication used to strengthen uterine contractions

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Membrane Sweeping

Procedure to stimulate labor by separating membranes

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Placenta Previa

Placenta covering the cervix, preventing vaginal birth

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Bishop's Score

Assessment score of cervix's readiness for labor induction

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Prior Cesarean

Previous cesarean section with uterine scar

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Labor Definition

Regular contractions causing cervical change (effacement and dilation) leading to birth.

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Active Stage (Labor)

Rapid effacement and dilation (6–fully dilated) part of labor.

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Fetal Station

Baby's head's position to mother's ischial spines (-3 to +3).

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Effacement

Cervix thinning from thick to thin (percentage).

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Engagement (Labor)

The widest part of baby's head passing through pelvic inlet.

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Cardinal Movements

Precise fetal head movements to fit through the pelvis during childbirth.

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Episiotomy

Surgical cut to perineum to enlarge birth canal; less common now.

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Instrumental Delivery

Using forceps or vacuum to assist delivery if vaginal birth is problematic.

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Third Stage of Labor

Stage involving placenta delivery after baby.

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Cesarean Section

Surgical baby delivery through abdominal incision if vaginal delivery is unsafe.

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