Obstetrics and Pregnancy Quiz

To stay fit.

They may reduce the risk of urinary and fecal incontinence.

Start within an hour of birth, exclusively for the first 6 months, and continue up to 2 years.

<p>Protein, persistent glycosuria, and nitrites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the detection of previously unrecognized chronic hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent Rh sensitization in Rh-negative women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Screening for thalassaemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>± 1 week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signs include apparent lengthening of the cord, a small gush of blood from the placental bed, rising of the uterine fundus above the umbilicus, and firm globular feel on palpation due to uterine contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presenting part is the lower part of the fetus that is palpable during vaginal examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertex refers to the area of the fetal skull bounded by the two parietal eminences and the anterior and posterior fontanelles when the head is flexed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Station is the level of descent of the presenting part assessed on vaginal examination, with 0 station indicating that the lowest part of the presenting part has reached the ischial spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caput succedaneum is edema over the presenting part of the head, commonly observed in prolonged labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engagement occurs when the widest diameter of the biparietal diameter (BPD) passes the pelvic brim, which is essential for proceeding with labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molding occurs as the fetal skull changes shape to adapt to the maternal pelvis during its passage through the birth canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dystocia refers to abnormal, prolonged, obstructed, difficult, or dysfunctional labor, indicating poor progress in the first or second stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main factors are Power, Passage, and Passenger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An adequate strength of contractions is greater than 200 MVU in 10 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four types are gynecoid, android, anthropoid, and platypelloid; gynecoid is considered normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IUPC measures the strength or pressure of uterine contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertensive disorders and deteriorating maternal illness are two conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing contraction frequency and duration helps determine uterine efficiency and progress of labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraindications include placenta previa, severe fetal compromise, and major antepartum hemorrhage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment options include rehydration, artificial rupture of membranes (ARM), and IV oxytocin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prolonged deceleration is defined as a deceleration that lasts more than 2 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reassuring overall impression is indicated by a baseline heart rate of 110 to 160 bpm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal fever and fetal hypoxia are two potential causes of fetal tachycardia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baseline variability of less than 5 bpm for 30 to 50 minutes indicates a non-reassuring fetal status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradycardia can indicate serious fetal compromise or hypoxia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A baseline heart rate over 180 bpm is classified as abnormal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal metabolic acidosis is a risk factor associated with decreased baseline variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal hypotension and placental insufficiency can contribute to fetal compromise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>36 weeks gestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increased risk is intrauterine fetal death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rh incompatibility occurs when a Rh-negative mother is exposed to Rh-positive fetal blood, leading to anti-D antibody production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presentation can vary from mild to severe fetal anemia and hyperbilirubinemia, with risks of kernicterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer Anti-D immunoglobulin at 28-32 weeks and again within 72 hours of delivery if the newborn is Rh-positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine the blood group and Rh type of the mother and check the father's blood type if she is Rh-negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indications include early pregnancy bleeding, invasive procedures, and abdominal trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the father is Rh-positive, there is a 50% risk of Rh-positive offspring if he is heterozygous and 100% if homozygous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk of obesity later in life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urine screening is conducted to detect renal disease, diabetes, and urinary tract infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dating ultrasound helps establish accurate gestational age, crucial for proper prenatal care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-dose aspirin is recommended to reduce risks associated with chronic hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The FOQ screens for thalassaemia during the booking visit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NVD is defined as a Single, Spontaneous, Term, Viable, Vertex delivery without the use of instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accuracy of gestational age by ultrasound in the second trimester is ± 2 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravidity refers to the number of pregnancies a woman has experienced, irrespective of the outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal quickening typically occurs at 18-20 weeks for a primigravida.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single large dose at 28 weeks or two doses at 28 and 34 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indications include excessive or offensive discharge, vaginal bleeding, cervical smear, and rupture of membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking leads to reduced birthweight and increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and neonatal death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Multiparous' refers to a woman who has given birth more than one time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nullipara refers to a woman who has never carried a pregnancy beyond 24 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol consumption can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, which causes brain damage and growth problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triplets typically deliver at around 32 weeks, while quadruplets deliver at about 28 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Management options for polyhydramnios include amnio-drainage and the use of indomethacin, which reduces fetal urine production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mullerian anomalies can lead to miscarriages, preterm labor, IUGR, and breech presentations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A negative result (⊖) allows for discharge, while a positive result (⊕) indicates admission and initiation of treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indomethacin may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, renal dysfunction, and oligohydramnios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnesium sulfate is neuroprotective and decreases the risk of cerebral palsy when administered to preterm infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tocolytics are medications that delay delivery to allow time for corticosteroids to improve neonatal outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-agonists can lead to maternal pulmonary edema and do not improve neonatal outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBC, ToRCH screen, and postmortem examination can help identify the causes of fetal demise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High risk of uterine rupture and major placenta previa are two conditions justifying a cesarean section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delayed delivery can increase the risk of DIC and other complications for the mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IUGR can be diagnosed by measuring the SFH and conducting an ultrasound for fetal measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological support and counseling are recommended to help parents cope with loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Spalding sign indicates overlapping of skull bones and suggests intrauterine fetal demise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neonates with IUGR have an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and hypertension later in life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serial biometry and liquor assessments help track fetal growth and well-being over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women with SLE who have antiphospholipid antibodies or proliferative lupus nephritis are at higher risk during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lupus nephritis presents with RBC casts, low C3 and C4 levels, and low leukocyte counts, while preeclampsia is associated with abnormal liver function tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conception can be safely considered as early as 1 year post-transplant for women on stable, low doses of immunosuppressive agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hCG increases fT4 levels and decreases TSH, while estrogen raises TBG, tT3, and tT4 levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and developmental delays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newborns should receive passive immunoglobulin within the first 24 hours after birth and active hepatitis B vaccine if the mother has low infectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methyldopa, labetalol, and calcium channel blockers are the preferred antihypertensive agents during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravidity refers to the number of pregnancies a woman has had, while parity refers to the number of deliveries after 24 weeks gestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal quickening is the first movement of the fetus sensed by the mother, occurring at 18-20 weeks for primigravida and 16-18 weeks for multipara. It helps in dating the pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indications include excessive discharge, vaginal bleeding, and cervical smears; contraindications include known placenta previa and undetermined vaginal bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, resulting in brain damage and growth problems in the child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NVD is characterized by being Single, Spontaneous, Term, Viable, and Vertex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nulligravida is a woman who has never been pregnant, while grand multipara refers to a woman who has given birth three or more times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking causes a reduction in birthweight and increases the risks of miscarriage, stillbirth, and neonatal death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viability is often evaluated through ultrasound typically around 24 weeks gestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It protects against diarrhoea and common childhood illnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in detecting pre-eclampsia and reduces perinatal mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for early detection and management of diabetes in the first trimester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To screen for conditions like renal disease, diabetes, and urinary tract infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In cases of irregular cycles or uncertain LMP dates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is ± 1 week in the first trimester, ± 2 weeks in the second, and ± 3 weeks in the third.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents Rh isoimmunization in future pregnancies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It identifies women at risk of carrying thalassaemia, leading to informed reproductive choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Threatened' miscarriage involves bleeding and possibly pain, but the cervix remains closed and the fetus may still survive. In contrast, 'inevitable' miscarriage is characterized by a dilated cervix, indicating that the pregnancy cannot continue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A therapeutic abortion may be legally justified in cases where the mother's health is at risk, such as with valvular heart disease or when the fetus is incompatible with life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of fetal heart sounds on ultrasound may indicate a missed miscarriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key management for a threatened miscarriage includes providing analgesia, rest, and possibly progesterone supplementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Incomplete' miscarriage involves some fetal or placental tissue being expelled, while 'complete' miscarriage means that the uterus is empty after all contents have been expelled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PPH, eclampsia, and sepsis are the leading causes of maternal deaths in developing countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septic miscarriage symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and a toxic appearance, indicating an infection from retained products. It can lead to severe systemic complications requiring urgent medical intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falling serum β-hCG levels are a significant indicator of unfavorable outcomes in threatened miscarriages, suggesting that the pregnancy may not be viable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placental insufficiency and respiratory distress syndrome are two major causes of perinatal and neonatal mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A missed miscarriage may be diagnosed accidentally during an ultrasound if a patient is unaware of any pregnancy loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is bleeding from the genital tract after 24 weeks of gestation. Causes can include placenta previa, abruption placenta, and local causes like cervical dysplasia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placenta previa is classified into four grades: Grade I (low lying), Grade II (marginal), Grade III (partial), and Grade IV (complete).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal death rates rise with increasing maternal age and parity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal condition: severe congenital malformations; Preterm condition: respiratory distress syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical erosion can be a local cause of antepartum hemorrhage, leading to complications that may require intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiparity is a risk factor for placenta previa, making it relevant in assessing patient history for prenatal care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<blockquote> <p>11</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron deficiency and acute blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty concentrating and Pica</p> Signup and view all the answers

<blockquote> <p>10 the first postpartum week and &gt; 11 after puerperium</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At booking visit (9-12 weeks) and at 28 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron supplements (oral and parenteral) and blood transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hb of 2.5 (&gt;70% preterm labour and &gt;40% experience preeclampsia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copper IUD</p> Signup and view all the answers