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A 30-year-old female with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss wants to improve her immunity before trying to conceive. Which vaccine should be given to her?
A 30-year-old female with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss wants to improve her immunity before trying to conceive. Which vaccine should be given to her?
What is the primary benefit of giving a rubella vaccine to a woman before conception?
What is the primary benefit of giving a rubella vaccine to a woman before conception?
A woman is planning to conceive in the winter season. Which vaccine should be given to her before conception?
A woman is planning to conceive in the winter season. Which vaccine should be given to her before conception?
What is the indication for giving a rubella vaccine to a woman before pregnancy?
What is the indication for giving a rubella vaccine to a woman before pregnancy?
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A 25-year-old woman wants to conceive and asks her doctor about the necessary vaccines before conception. Which vaccine is most essential to prevent stillbirth?
A 25-year-old woman wants to conceive and asks her doctor about the necessary vaccines before conception. Which vaccine is most essential to prevent stillbirth?
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What is the primary goal of preconception immunization?
What is the primary goal of preconception immunization?
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A woman is planning to conceive and wants to know about the necessary vaccines before pregnancy. Which vaccine is given to prevent a specific seasonal infection?
A woman is planning to conceive and wants to know about the necessary vaccines before pregnancy. Which vaccine is given to prevent a specific seasonal infection?
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What is the consequence of not giving a rubella vaccine to a woman before conception?
What is the consequence of not giving a rubella vaccine to a woman before conception?
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What is the definition of prolonged active phase of labor?
What is the definition of prolonged active phase of labor?
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How is arrested active phase of labor managed?
How is arrested active phase of labor managed?
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What is the minimum cervical dilation required for diagnosis of prolonged active phase?
What is the minimum cervical dilation required for diagnosis of prolonged active phase?
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What is the purpose of amniotomy in labor management?
What is the purpose of amniotomy in labor management?
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What is the appropriate management for a patient with 6cm dilation, 80% effacement, 0 station, and late deceleration on CTG?
What is the appropriate management for a patient with 6cm dilation, 80% effacement, 0 station, and late deceleration on CTG?
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What is the definition of arrested active phase of labor?
What is the definition of arrested active phase of labor?
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What is the purpose of oxytocin administration in labor management?
What is the purpose of oxytocin administration in labor management?
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What is the minimum duration of inadequate contractions required for diagnosis of prolonged active phase?
What is the minimum duration of inadequate contractions required for diagnosis of prolonged active phase?
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What is the primary indication for cesarean delivery in a pregnant woman with DIC?
What is the primary indication for cesarean delivery in a pregnant woman with DIC?
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What is the management of a hemodynamically stable mother with a dead or nonviable fetus and DIC?
What is the management of a hemodynamically stable mother with a dead or nonviable fetus and DIC?
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What is the primary concern in a hemodynamically unstable mother with DIC?
What is the primary concern in a hemodynamically unstable mother with DIC?
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What is the benefit of removing the products of conception in a hemodynamically stable mother with a dead or nonviable fetus and DIC?
What is the benefit of removing the products of conception in a hemodynamically stable mother with a dead or nonviable fetus and DIC?
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What is the management of a hemodynamically stable mother with a viable fetus and reassuring fetal status and DIC?
What is the management of a hemodynamically stable mother with a viable fetus and reassuring fetal status and DIC?
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What is the primary reason for avoiding cesarean delivery in a hemodynamically stable mother with a dead or nonviable fetus and DIC?
What is the primary reason for avoiding cesarean delivery in a hemodynamically stable mother with a dead or nonviable fetus and DIC?
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What is the primary goal of cesarean delivery in a hemodynamically unstable mother with DIC?
What is the primary goal of cesarean delivery in a hemodynamically unstable mother with DIC?
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What is the indication for induction of labor in a pregnant woman with DIC?
What is the indication for induction of labor in a pregnant woman with DIC?
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Which medication is known to cause minimal or reduced variability in fetal heart rate?
Which medication is known to cause minimal or reduced variability in fetal heart rate?
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What is the primary cause of late or prolonged decelerations in fetal heart rate associated with epidural analgesia?
What is the primary cause of late or prolonged decelerations in fetal heart rate associated with epidural analgesia?
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What is the best way to prevent adhesions after a C-section?
What is the best way to prevent adhesions after a C-section?
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In a normal vaginal delivery, a baby weighing 4.2kg is born with a laceration reaching the rectal mucosa. What degree of perineal tear is this?
In a normal vaginal delivery, a baby weighing 4.2kg is born with a laceration reaching the rectal mucosa. What degree of perineal tear is this?
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What is the management for a 35-year-old pregnant lady with fetal death and DIC, whose cervix is 4cm dilated?
What is the management for a 35-year-old pregnant lady with fetal death and DIC, whose cervix is 4cm dilated?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of late or prolonged decelerations in fetal heart rate?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of late or prolonged decelerations in fetal heart rate?
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What is the primary mechanism by which epidural analgesia affects fetal heart rate?
What is the primary mechanism by which epidural analgesia affects fetal heart rate?
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What is the degree of perineal tear that involves the sphincter muscle?
What is the degree of perineal tear that involves the sphincter muscle?
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What is the correct management for a pregnant woman with DKA?
What is the correct management for a pregnant woman with DKA?
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What is the most common aneurysm occurring in the abdomen?
What is the most common aneurysm occurring in the abdomen?
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During which trimester does a Splenic artery aneurysm most commonly rupture?
During which trimester does a Splenic artery aneurysm most commonly rupture?
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What is the maternal mortality rate when a Splenic artery aneurysm ruptures during pregnancy?
What is the maternal mortality rate when a Splenic artery aneurysm ruptures during pregnancy?
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What is the risk of rupture of a Splenic artery aneurysm during pregnancy if a woman has an existing SAA?
What is the risk of rupture of a Splenic artery aneurysm during pregnancy if a woman has an existing SAA?
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Why should obstetricians consider a ruptured Splenic artery aneurysm in any pregnant woman?
Why should obstetricians consider a ruptured Splenic artery aneurysm in any pregnant woman?
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What is the fetal mortality rate when a Splenic artery aneurysm ruptures during pregnancy?
What is the fetal mortality rate when a Splenic artery aneurysm ruptures during pregnancy?
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Why is it important to consider Splenic artery aneurysm in pregnant women?
Why is it important to consider Splenic artery aneurysm in pregnant women?
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Study Notes
Contraindications to Pregnancy
- Rubella vaccine is recommended for women who want to conceive, especially those with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss or stillbirth, to prevent congenital rubella syndrome.
- Congenital rubella syndrome can result in spontaneous abortion, fetal infection, stillbirth, or intrauterine growth restriction.
- Influenza vaccine is recommended for women who will be pregnant during flu season, especially those with high-risk conditions.
Management of Labor
- Prolonged active phase of labor is defined as ≥ 6 cm cervical dilation with no change in cervical dilation after 6 hours of inadequate contractions or 4 hours of adequate contractions.
- Management of prolonged active phase includes augmentation with oxytocin and amniotomy.
- Arrested active phase is defined as ≥ 6 cm cervical dilation with ruptured membranes and no cervical change after 4 hours of adequate contractions or 6 hours of inadequate contractions.
- Management of arrested active phase includes cesarean section.
Fetal Heart Rate
- Medications that can affect fetal heart rate include:
- Magnesium sulfate, which causes minimal or reduced variability.
- Epidural analgesia, which causes maternal hypotension leading to uteroplacental insufficiency and late or prolonged decelerations.
- Oxytocin, which causes late or prolonged decelerations and uterine hyperstimulation.
Prevention of Adhesions
- The best way to prevent adhesions after cesarean section is to add an adhesion barrier consisting of oxidized regenerated cellulose before closing the wound.
Perineal Tears
- Degrees of perineal tears include:
- First degree: Skin
- Second degree: Muscle
- Third degree: Sphincter
- Fourth degree: Rectal mucosa
Management of Fetal Death and DIC
- In hemodynamically unstable mothers or those with fetal distress, urgent cesarean delivery is indicated.
- In hemodynamically stable mothers with a dead or nonviable fetus, induction of labor is indicated.
- In hemodynamically stable mothers with a viable fetus and reassuring fetal status, delivery is not immediately necessary.
Splenic Artery Aneurysms
- Splenic artery aneurysms are more common in women, especially during pregnancy, and are associated with increased flow.
- Rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm during pregnancy carries a high risk of maternal and fetal mortality.
- Obstetricians should consider a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm in any pregnant woman who presents with an acute surgical abdomen.
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Description
This quiz covers contraindications to pregnancy, including medications and vaccines, for a 28-year-old female with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Improve your knowledge in obstetrics and gynecology with this SMLE question and answer session.