Observations and Suspicious Activities Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a consideration for determining the legitimacy of an expectation of privacy in a vehicle?

  • The defendant's disassociation from the vehicle
  • The defendant's manifest subjective expectation of privacy
  • The defendant's claim of ownership (correct)
  • Society's recognition of the expectation of privacy as legitimate
  • What action by Villasenor delegitimatized his privacy interest in the Concorde car?

  • Not registering the car with the DMV
  • Listing his brother's name on the pink slip
  • Having his brother purchase the car
  • Not obtaining insurance in his name (correct)
  • In the context of vehicle searches, what does the term 'plain view' refer to?

  • The view of the vehicle from a public place
  • The view of contraband or evidence that is immediately apparent without further search (correct)
  • The view of the vehicle from a law enforcement officer's perspective
  • The view of the vehicle's interior from outside
  • Which of the following is NOT considered a detention or vehicle stop?

    <p>Activating red lights and sirens and pulling over the driver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a detention to be valid?

    <p>Reasonable suspicion that something relating to criminal activity has just happened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a detention be based on?

    <p>Specific facts that can be articulated to a court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can a traffic stop be considered lawful if based on reasonable suspicion of a violation of the Vehicle Code?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a valid basis for a traffic stop?

    <p>Driving significantly below the posted speed limit without other cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective standard for evaluating the existence of a Vehicle Code violation?

    <p>Observations, training, experience, and estimated speed differential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'pretext stop' according to the text?

    <p>A stop made to investigate a crime or infraction with an additional subjective motive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of White (2003), why did the appellate court determine that it was not objectively reasonable for an officer to believe that a tree-shaped air freshener obstructed the driver's clear view of the windshield?

    <p>The officer did not testify that he believed the air freshener reduced the driver's view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which of the following situations did NOT provide sufficient basis for a vehicle stop?

    <p>Noticing a vehicle with beads of water on its exterior after heavy rains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which example did the officer's specialized training and familiarity with the area inhabitants play a role in justifying the vehicle stop?

    <p>Receiving a radio report of activated sensors on a road used by smugglers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example involved observations during surveillance combined with a report from a reliable informant to justify a vehicle stop?

    <p>Observing an individual loading ether into a vehicle and driving to a remote ranch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances can an officer lawfully stop a vehicle?

    <p>If the vehicle is driving without license plates or a temporary operating permit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which example did the officer follow a vehicle for a mile before initiating a traffic stop based on specific articulable facts?

    <p>Noticing a vehicle with beads of water on its exterior after heavy rains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can contribute to reasonable suspicion for an investigative detention of a vehicle?

    <p>The car is occupied by three African-American males who fit the general broadcast description</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation would a DMV report of an expired vehicle registration without any mention of a valid operating permit justify a traffic stop?

    <p>When the vehicle's registration has expired two years earlier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the court consider in evaluating reasonable suspicion for an investigative detention of a vehicle?

    <p>The officer's familiarity with the neighborhood and local driving patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the subjective intent of law enforcement officers in relation to the Fourth Amendment?

    <p>The subjective intent of the officer is never relevant in determining whether their actions violate the Fourth Amendment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only exception to the rule that subjective intent is irrelevant in Fourth Amendment analysis?

    <p>Special needs or administrative stops or searches conducted without individualized suspicion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a pretext stop and a ruse?

    <p>A pretext stop is when officers lack any legal basis for a stop, while a ruse is when officers fabricate the factual basis for a stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for an officer to stop a vehicle displaying a temporary operating permit?

    <p>Reasonable suspicion that the particular permit is invalid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements is true regarding the legality of stopping a car leaving the area after a residential burglary report, even without a description of the suspects or knowledge of their mode of transportation?

    <p>It is legal to stop a car without a description of the suspects or knowledge of their mode of transportation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for an anonymous telephone tip to justify a traffic stop?

    <p>The tip must have indicia of reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, why did the U.S. Supreme Court consider the anonymous tip to be sufficiently reliable to provide reasonable suspicion to detain?

    <p>The tip was partially corroborated by the officers' observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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