Observational Study Designs Quiz

a. Mostly prospective but can be retrospective b. Participants need to be disease free at the beginning and we follow them through to see exposure’s effect; several outcomes; use RR or OR

a. Mostly retrospective b. Participants are already those who have disease and we look at certain exposures that cause disease; several exposures; only use OR

a. Conducted at a point in time without follow-up b. Can conduct repeated cross-sectional studies to measure change in a population → Can calculate prevalence of disease c. Can measure attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, personal or family history, genetic factors, existing or past health conditions, or anything else that does not require follow-up to assess d. Types include population census and national surveys