Observational Instruments & Methods - Istanbul University Spring 2023-24

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Questions and Answers

What is astronomical observation?

Using advanced telescopes to study distant galaxies

Observing the night sky with the naked eye

Detecting observational values of celestial objects or a stellar event via bare eyes or technical instruments (correct)

Measuring the properties of stars and planets

How did the German astronomer F.W.A. Argelander contribute to astronomical observation?

He calculated the distances to nearby stars

He discovered the first exoplanet

He developed a technique for observing with the naked eye (correct)

He invented the telescope

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method for astronomical observation in the text?

Neutrinos

Electromagnetic radiation

Spectroscopic analysis (correct)

Cosmic rays

What is the primary focus of the text?

The definition of astronomical observation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct based on the information provided in the text?

Electromagnetic radiation is one of the methods used for astronomical observation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a method for astronomical observation in the text?

Telescopes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of astronomical observation?

To detect observational values of celestial objects or stellar events (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an observational value in astronomy?

Gravitational waves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'proper motion' refer to in astronomical observation?

The actual motion of a celestial object through space (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following observational values is directly related to the chemical composition of a celestial object?

Color (spectrum) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods can be used for astronomical observation?

Both naked eye observation and using technical instruments (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following observational values is related to the temporal aspect of astronomical phenomena?

Time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of this presentation?

To provide free educational material for undergraduate students at Istanbul University Science Faculty (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT allowed with this presentation material?

All of the above are not allowed (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the course for which this presentation is prepared?

Observational Instruments & Methods (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which department at Istanbul University is this course offered for?

Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the academic title of Can Güngör, the instructor for this course?

Assistant Professor (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where did Can Güngör obtain his PhD degree?

Istanbul Technical University (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of light pollution?

Artificial light scattered and reflected by particles in the atmosphere (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does light pollution affect migratory birds?

It disrupts their navigation by causing disorientation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit used to measure the brightness of the night sky in astronomical observations?

Magnitude per arcsecond squared (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following observatories has a better night sky brightness in the V band?

Paranal Observatory in Chile (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following atmospheric effects can corrupt the quality of astronomical images?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of studying light pollution in astronomy?

To measure the brightness of the night sky for better observations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factor should be considered to ensure good observatory conditions in terms of aerosol size?

Size smaller than 10 microns (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of aerosol particles negatively affects telescope mirrors?

Scattering (B) Signup and view all the answers

What unit is used to measure aerosol concentration for observatory suitability?

Aerosol index (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for the Aerosol index to be lower than 0.5 in observatories?

To reduce mirror cleaning frequency (B) Signup and view all the answers

Besides aerosols, what other factor should be considered when choosing the location for an observatory?

Altitude (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do aerosols contribute to light pollution in observatories?

By scattering and absorbing light (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Astronomical Observation

Astronomical observation involves detecting observational values of celestial objects or a stellar event via bare eyes or by using technical instruments.
Observational values include:
- Brightness (flux, count rate, etc)
- Colour (Spectrum)
- Position (RA, DEC)
- Proper motion, vertical speed
- Time

Bare Eyes Observation

Argelander Technique was used by German astronomer F.W.A. Argelander (1799−1875) for observing celestial objects with bare eyes.

Electromagnetic Radiation

Electromagnetic radiation includes:
- Neutrinos
- Cosmic rays
- Meteorites
- Gravitational waves

Light Pollution

Light pollution is caused by scattered and reflected light from solid or liquid particles in the atmosphere, which obliterates the view of the night sky.
It has adverse impacts on birds and other animals, such as disorienting migratory birds.

Choosing the Right Location for an Observatory

Factors to consider when choosing a location for an observatory include:
- Altitude
- Meteorological conditions (cloudiness, clear sky counts)
- Absolute humidity, relative humidity
- Dust and Aerosol (solid or water particles in a gas with sizes smaller than 10 microns)
- Light pollution
- Average wind speed (and direction)

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Description

Learn about observational instruments and methods in the field of Istanbul University's Spring 2023-24 course. Please note that this presentation is intended for the education of Istanbul University Faculty of Science undergraduate students and should not be used as a scientific reference or for commercial purposes.