Visual perception (summary)

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Questions and Answers

Which of these is NOT a Gestalt principle of perceptual organization?

Similarity

Proximity

Closure

Reflectance of areas (correct)

What is the primary difference between rods and cones in terms of their function?

Cones are responsible for central vision, while rods are responsible for peripheral vision.

Rods are responsible for color vision, while cones are responsible for light sensitivity.

Cones are responsible for color vision, while rods are responsible for light sensitivity. (correct)

Rods are responsible for central vision, while cones are responsible for peripheral vision.

Which of the following depth cues is NOT a pictorial cue?

Linear perspective

Texture gradient

Motion parallax (correct)

Occlusion

What is the 'corollary discharge signal' in the context of motion perception?

A signal that is sent from the motor cortex to the visual cortex when the eye moves. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'Purkinje shift'?

The phenomenon where the rods become more sensitive to short wavelengths in low light. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the perception of motion differ from the sensation of motion?

Sensation is the raw sensory input, while perception is the interpretation of that input. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which brain pathway is primarily responsible for processing the 'what' of visual information?

Ventral stream (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a monocular depth cue?

Convergence (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how familiar size can be used to judge distance?

A 1-pound coin is judged to be further away than a 5-pence coin, despite appearing the same size. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'deletion and accretion'?

The combination of the gradual disappearance and reappearance of an object as it moves behind and then emerges from behind another object. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the "Size distance scaling equation" (S=K(RxD))?

It states that perceived size is directly proportional to retinal image size and perceived distance. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are objects further away often perceived with a blue tint?

Light scattered by particles in the atmosphere preferentially removes longer wavelengths, leaving a bluer hue for distant objects. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which depth cue is primarily responsible for the sense of depth we perceive in movies?

Motion parallax (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does 'Accommodation' contribute to depth perception?

By adjusting the shape of the lens to focus on objects at different distances. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which depth cue relies on the observation of textures becoming denser as objects appear farther away?

Texture Gradient (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a consequence of the aperture problem?

Depth information is lost. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between double opponent and single opponent receptive fields?

Double opponent fields are better at detecting color edges, while single opponent fields are better at detecting uniform color surfaces. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about transduction in the retina?

It is the process by which light is converted into an electrical signal. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of color blindness?

Monochromatopia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which method of psychophysics is best suited for measuring the absolute threshold of a stimulus?

Method of limits (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Stevens' Law, which of the following scenarios describes response compression?

A large increase in stimulus intensity leads to a small increase in perceived intensity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Gibson's Ecological Approach to perception?

Perception is influenced by prior knowledge and experience. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of the theory of object affordance?

It cannot explain the occurrence of perceptual errors. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is TRUE about the initial representation in object recognition?

It focuses on detecting basic features like brightness and edges. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the 2 ½ D sketch and the 3D object-centered representation?

The 2 ½ D sketch is viewer-centered, while the 3D representation is object-centered. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of object recognition, what is the role of 'object recognition units'?

To categorize and name the object. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions is characterized by a deficit in shape perception?

Apperceptive agnosia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sensation and perception in object recognition?

Perception is the interpreted version of sensation, making sense of sensory information. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Object Recognition (Ellis & Young)

Initial representations are not directly linked to object recognition units.
A hierarchical model exists, but if viewer perception fails, subsequent stages won't occur.

Initial Representation

Primal sketches capture initial sensory data like brightness, edge definition, and contours.
This stage is the initial sensation.

Viewer-Centered Representation

2 1/2 D sketch: Assembles edges and contours into a representation from a specific viewpoint (e.g., a particular angle).
Allows for perception of basic shapes.
Based on specific observer-centered views.

Object-Centered Representation

3D model: Represents the object across various viewing angles, allowing for atypical view recognition.
Recognition shortcut: If an object is viewed typically, semantic systems and name retrieval can occur without going through the complete process.

Object Recognition Units

Utilize semantic systems and name retrieval to name and categorize objects.

Semantic Systems

Stores general information and personal facts about objects.
Part of long-term memory (LTM).

Name Retrieval

Process of retrieving the specific name for an object.

Visual Perception Impairments

Apperceptive agnosia: Impairment in shape perception.
Associative agnosia: Impairment in semantic perception, where the object has no meaning.

Sensory and Perceptual Processes

Sensation: Raw, uninterpreted sensory information.
Perception: The interpretation of sensory information.

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Description

Explore the concepts of object recognition as detailed by Ellis & Young. This quiz covers initial representations, viewer-centered and object-centered representations, and how these contribute to recognizing objects in various contexts. Test your understanding of these processes and their implications for perception.