10 Questions
What type of association is assumed in UML, unless otherwise specified?
Bidirectional
What does the arrowhead in a unidirectional association point to?
The known class
Where are multiplicity notation symbols typically placed?
Near the ends of an association
What does the '+' symbol indicate in UML?
Public visibility
What type of relationship is established through inheritance?
Generalization
What is the direction of the arrowhead in a generalization relationship?
From the subclass to the superclass
What is the 'is a kind of' relationship also known as?
Generalization
What type of relationship indicates a 'uses' relationship between two classes?
Dependency
What is the purpose of multiplicity notations in UML?
To indicate the number of instances of a class
What type of association is represented by a solid line with no arrowhead?
Bidirectional
Study Notes
Data Abstraction
A concept that represents essential features without including background details or explanations
Classes use data abstraction and are defined as a list of attributes (e.g. size, weight, cost) and functions to operate on these attributes
Encapsulates all essential properties of an object to be created
Attributes are called data members, as they hold data, and functions that operate on this data are called member functions
Classes use data abstraction, making them abstract data types (ADTs)
Inheritance
Mechanism by which one class can inherit properties of another
Allows for building a hierarchy of classes, from most general to most specific
Base class defines common qualities, and derived class inherits these and adds specific properties
Provides reusability in OOPs, with base class representing general description and derived class adding specific traits
Polymorphism
Ability to take more than one form
Example: an operation has different behavior in different instances, depending on data type used
Achieved through function overloading and operator overloading in C++ programs
Binding
Linking a procedure call to code executed in response to the call
Dynamic binding: code associated with a procedure call is not known until run-time, depending on polymorphic reference
Message Passing
Involves specifying object name, function (message) name, and information to be sent
Object-oriented program consists of objects communicating with each other through message passing
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
General-purpose modeling language
Includes concepts like association (unidirectional and bidirectional), multiplicity, visibility, generalization, and dependency
Association
Unidirectional: two classes are related, but only one class knows the relationship exists
Bidirectional: both classes are aware of each other and their relationship
Multiplicity: indicates number of instances of one class linked to one instance of another class
Visibility
Signifies who can access information contained within a class
Denoted with +, -, # symbols
Generalization
Relationship between a general thing (superclass) and a more specific kind of that thing (subclass)
Established through inheritance, represented by a solid directed line with a large open arrowhead pointing to the parent class
Dependency
Indicates a "uses" relationship between two classes
Understand the concept of abstraction in object-oriented programming, including classes, attributes, and member functions. Learn how to define and use classes to represent objects and their properties.
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