Object-Oriented Concepts & UML Diagrams
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary responsibility of a 'Control Object' in software design?

  • Storing and organizing collections of data.
  • Handling interactions between the system and external interfaces.
  • Representing real-world entities with minimal logic.
  • Managing the overall program flow and decision-making. (correct)

In UML diagrams, which symbol indicates that an attribute or operation has public visibility?

  • + (correct)
  • *
  • -
  • #

Which of the following relationships is best described by the term 'composition'?

  • An 'is-a' relationship where one class inherits properties from another.
  • A 'uses-a' relationship where one class utilizes the functionality of another.
  • A 'has-a' relationship where one class contains another as an integral part. (correct)
  • A 'knows-a' relationship where one class is aware of the existence of another.

Which design pattern provides a simplified interface to a complex subsystem?

<p>Facade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Observer design pattern?

<p>To define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Control Object

Object type responsible for managing program flow. Holds minimal data and focuses on actions like adding classes, for example.

Entity Object

Object type representing a real-world entity with minimal application logic. Examples include a university, student, or instructor.

Composition (in Object-Oriented Programming)

A 'has-a' relationship between objects where one object is entirely dependent on another. Changes to the 'owner' object affect the existence of the 'owned' object.

Facade Design Pattern

A design pattern that simplifies complex interactions by providing a unified interface to a set of subsystems. It acts as a 'gatekeeper' for complexity.

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Behavioral Design Pattern

A design pattern that allows objects to communicate with each other without knowing their specific types. This is achieved through an interface that defines a common communication method.

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Study Notes

Object-Oriented Concepts

  • Entity Object: Represents a real-world object with minimal application logic (e.g., student, instructor).
  • Control Object: Manages program flow; doesn't hold much data (e.g., adding a class).
  • Boundary Object: Controls interactions between the system and the external world (e.g., printing a class list, user interface).
  • Collection Object: Represents a list or an array (e.g., a list of classes).

UML Diagrams

  • Attributes and Operations: UML diagrams display object attributes and methods.
  • Visibility: private, protected, and public specify access levels.
  • Abstract Classes (Italics): Abstract classes use italics.
  • Static Members (Underlined): Static members are underlined.
  • Relationships: Friendship relationships are not shown.

Relationships

  • Composition (has-a): A composition relationship is indicated by "has-a". This relationship is shown with scoreGoal(inout scoringTeam:Team)
  • Inheritance (Triangle): Inheritance relationships are presented with a triangle (not an arrow).

Collection Classes

  • Constructors/Destructors/Getters/Setters: These are typically not explicitly shown.

Object Arrays

  • Statically Allocated: Using Date dates[size]; dates[0].print();.
  • Dynamically Allocated: Using Date* dates = new Date[size]; dates[0].print();.

Design Patterns

  • Facade: Simplifies complex classes into a single interface (Top-down inside out).
  • Observer: Updates based on changes in the observed class (Behavioural).
  • Strategy: Describes algorithms (behavioural).

Design Considerations

  • UML Diagram Details: Object attributes are not separately listed; relationships are presented instead through lines.

Categorizing Design Principles

  • Behavioral: Focuses on how objects communicate and react to events (e.g., observer, strategy).
  • Architectural: Describes how objects are grouped into subsystems.
  • Creational: Concerns how to create objects.
  • Structural: Focuses on how objects are related.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of object-oriented programming, including entity, control, boundary, and collection objects. Dive into UML diagrams to understand attributes, operations, and class relationships. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of key concepts and their applications.

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