40 Questions
What is the measure of energy in nutrition?
Kilocalories (kcal)
What is the term used for the amount of food listed on a product's Nutrition Facts?
Serving size
What hormone is secreted by the stomach and stimulates food intake?
Ghrelin
What does the term 'energy balance equation' refer to?
The relationship between total energy intake and total energy expenditure
What is the main reason for excess leptin not suppressing food intake in people with increased fat mass?
Leptin resistance in the hypothalamus
What is the term for defects in genes that lead to human monogenic obesity with hyperphagia as a common feature?
Monogenic Forms of Obesity
What is the term for the human genome containing hundreds of regions whose pattern of genetic diversity indicate recent positive natural selection?
Polygenic Obesity
What is the term for the selective advantage of metabolically thrifty peoples to store a high proportion of energy as fat when food was plentiful?
Thrifty Genotype
What is the term for the regulation of food intake from meal to meal, with a hormone secreted by adipocytes?
Leptin
What is the term for the regulation of the amount of body fat, with a hormone secreted by adipocytes?
Leptin
What is the obesity prevalence in the world?
13%
Which group has the highest obesity rates in the US?
Non-Hispanic Black adults
What term is used to describe areas with an abundance of fast foods and convenience markets, but little access to supermarkets with healthy foods?
Food desert
What term is used to describe the inequitable food environment resulting from systematic oppression, such as zoning codes and lending practices?
Food apartheid
What is one of the reasons for disparities in obesity rates mentioned in the text?
Lower incomes
What is the obesity rate of children in the US?
18.5%
What do zoning codes allow for in lower income areas, according to the text?
Heavier presence of fast foods
What is the more accurate term for areas with an abundance of fast foods and convenience markets, but little access to supermarkets with healthy foods?
Food desert
What prevented Black families from pursuing the pathway to wealth through home ownership, according to the text?
Racial disparities in the housing market
What is the term used to describe the inequitable food environment as a result of systematic oppression, for example in the form of zoning codes and lending practices?
Food apartheid
What is the percentage of European or African descent individuals carrying some version of the FTO gene?
65%
What is the risk of carriers of the FTO gene to be overweight or obese?
12% or more
What did the immigrants do that disrupted the traditional way of life of Pima Indians in the 19th century?
Diverted the Pima’s water supply
What is the prevalence rate of obesity and type 2 diabetes among adult Pima Indians?
High
What is the impact of physical activity on the FTO gene?
Attenuates the gene
How does dietary habits interact with genes to modulate predisposition to obesity?
High-saturated fat interaction with APOA2 gene
Where do Pima Indians with a traditional diet and higher physical activity have a lower incidence of obesity and diabetes?
Northern Mexico
What is the proposed impact of body fatness during famines?
Not on mortality, but fertility
What is the role of physical activity in blunting genetic susceptibility to obesity?
Partially blunts genetic susceptibility
What do people with the FTO gene tend to do when they are told they have the gene?
Eat more
What term is used to describe the inequitable food environment resulting from systematic oppression, such as zoning codes and lending practices?
Food apartheid
What is the obesity rate of children in the US?
18.5%
What group has the highest obesity rates in the US?
Non-Hispanic Black adults
What is the term for the measure of energy in nutrition?
Kilocalories
What is the term for the hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates the amount of body fat?
Leptin
What is the term for the genetic condition that leads to human monogenic obesity with hyperphagia as a common feature?
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mutations
What is the impact of physical activity on the FTO gene?
It attenuates the gene
What is the risk percentage of carriers of the FTO gene to be overweight or obese?
12%
What is the role of dietary habits in modulating predisposition to obesity?
They interact with genes to modulate predisposition to obesity
What is the impact of high-saturated fat interaction with the APOA2 gene?
It modulates BMI in certain populations
Test your knowledge of obesity disparities in the US with this quiz. Explore the reasons behind the higher obesity rates in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults, including factors such as targeted marketing of unhealthy foods and limited access to healthy options.
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