Obesity Disparities in the US
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Questions and Answers

What is the measure of energy in nutrition?

  • Watts
  • Calories
  • Joules
  • Kilocalories (kcal) (correct)
  • What is the term used for the amount of food listed on a product's Nutrition Facts?

  • Food quantity
  • Portion size
  • Meal size
  • Serving size (correct)
  • What hormone is secreted by the stomach and stimulates food intake?

  • Insulin
  • Leptin
  • Cortisol
  • Ghrelin (correct)
  • What does the term 'energy balance equation' refer to?

    <p>The relationship between total energy intake and total energy expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for excess leptin not suppressing food intake in people with increased fat mass?

    <p>Leptin resistance in the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for defects in genes that lead to human monogenic obesity with hyperphagia as a common feature?

    <p>Monogenic Forms of Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the human genome containing hundreds of regions whose pattern of genetic diversity indicate recent positive natural selection?

    <p>Polygenic Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the selective advantage of metabolically thrifty peoples to store a high proportion of energy as fat when food was plentiful?

    <p>Thrifty Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the regulation of food intake from meal to meal, with a hormone secreted by adipocytes?

    <p>Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the regulation of the amount of body fat, with a hormone secreted by adipocytes?

    <p>Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the obesity prevalence in the world?

    <p>13%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has the highest obesity rates in the US?

    <p>Non-Hispanic Black adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe areas with an abundance of fast foods and convenience markets, but little access to supermarkets with healthy foods?

    <p>Food desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the inequitable food environment resulting from systematic oppression, such as zoning codes and lending practices?

    <p>Food apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons for disparities in obesity rates mentioned in the text?

    <p>Lower incomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the obesity rate of children in the US?

    <p>18.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do zoning codes allow for in lower income areas, according to the text?

    <p>Heavier presence of fast foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the more accurate term for areas with an abundance of fast foods and convenience markets, but little access to supermarkets with healthy foods?

    <p>Food desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevented Black families from pursuing the pathway to wealth through home ownership, according to the text?

    <p>Racial disparities in the housing market</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inequitable food environment as a result of systematic oppression, for example in the form of zoning codes and lending practices?

    <p>Food apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of European or African descent individuals carrying some version of the FTO gene?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of carriers of the FTO gene to be overweight or obese?

    <p>12% or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the immigrants do that disrupted the traditional way of life of Pima Indians in the 19th century?

    <p>Diverted the Pima’s water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence rate of obesity and type 2 diabetes among adult Pima Indians?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of physical activity on the FTO gene?

    <p>Attenuates the gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dietary habits interact with genes to modulate predisposition to obesity?

    <p>High-saturated fat interaction with APOA2 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do Pima Indians with a traditional diet and higher physical activity have a lower incidence of obesity and diabetes?

    <p>Northern Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed impact of body fatness during famines?

    <p>Not on mortality, but fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of physical activity in blunting genetic susceptibility to obesity?

    <p>Partially blunts genetic susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do people with the FTO gene tend to do when they are told they have the gene?

    <p>Eat more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the inequitable food environment resulting from systematic oppression, such as zoning codes and lending practices?

    <p>Food apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the obesity rate of children in the US?

    <p>18.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What group has the highest obesity rates in the US?

    <p>Non-Hispanic Black adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the measure of energy in nutrition?

    <p>Kilocalories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates the amount of body fat?

    <p>Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the genetic condition that leads to human monogenic obesity with hyperphagia as a common feature?

    <p>Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of physical activity on the FTO gene?

    <p>It attenuates the gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk percentage of carriers of the FTO gene to be overweight or obese?

    <p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dietary habits in modulating predisposition to obesity?

    <p>They interact with genes to modulate predisposition to obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of high-saturated fat interaction with the APOA2 gene?

    <p>It modulates BMI in certain populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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