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Questions and Answers
What part of the body is the sternum located in?
chest wall
Which ribs are considered floating ribs?
The left lung is smaller than the right lung.
True
The ___ plays a role in voice production and is also known as the voice box.
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What is the purpose of the respiratory tracts?
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Which of the following is a layer of the heart?
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The heart is found in the abdominal cavity.
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The __________ muscle is located at the anterior surface of the inner atrium.
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Match the heart valves with their locations:
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Study Notes
Thoracic Cage Mechanism
- Thoracic cage is formed by sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae
- Functions to protect organs in the thoracic cavity
- Divided into anterior (sternum), posterior (thoracic vertebrae), and lateral (ribs) parts
Ribs
- Typical ribs (2-12): long, twisted, flat bones with a rounded, smooth superior border and a sharp, thin inferior border
- Atypical rib (1st rib): small and flattened from above downward
- Costal cartilage: contributes to elasticity and mobility of the thoracic wall; calcification can occur due to calcium deposits
Thoracic Cavity
- Bounded by the thoracic wall and diaphragm
- Extends upward into the root of the neck, one fingerbreadth above the clavicle on each side
- Divided into medialistinum and two pleural cavities
Mediastinum
- Thick, movable partition between the lungs
- Divided into superior and inferior parts
- Has several divisions, including middle (heart and pericardium), anterior (body of sternum and spaces of pericardium), and posterior (T5-T12, heart, and pericardium) mediastinum
Diaphragm
- Dome-shaped, thin muscular and tendinous septum that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
- Origins: sternal, costal, and vertebral
- Functions to oxygenate blood; surrounded by a pleural cavity
Muscles of Respiration
- Inspiratory muscles: diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, pectoralis major and minor, anterior, middle, and posterior scalene, and serratus anterior
- Expiratory muscles: abdominal muscles, serratus posterior inferior, internal intercostals
- Forced expiration: sterocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, pectoralis major and minor, anterior, middle, and posterior scalene, and serratus anterior
Lungs and Pleural Cavity
- Lungs: located in the thorax, mediastinum; function to oxygenate blood
- Pleural cavity: protects and cushions the chest; has a thin layer; lies in the anterior wall of the chest cavity
- Pleural space: space between visceral and parietal pleura
Bronchopulmonary Segments
- Portion of the lung supplied by a segmental bronchus and its vessels
- Divisions of one lobe of a lung
- Right lung has 10 segments, left lung has 8 segments
Heart
- Located in mediastinum; 5-inch length, 3.5-inch width, 2.5-inch thickness; weighs 250g for women, 300g for men
- Layers: fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Chambers of the Heart
- Atrium: receiving chamber; right atrium receives blood from upper extremities
- Ventricle: pumping chamber; right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs
- Interventricular septum: divides ventricles of heart
- Atrioventricular valve: passage way between atrium and ventricle; prevents backflow
Heart Valves
- AV valves: right and left AV valves; chordae tendinae only attaches to AV valves
- Semilunar valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and left ventricle and aorta
Coronary Circulation
- Right coronary artery: divided into marginal branch and inferior/posterior interventricular branch
- Left coronary artery: divided into circumflex and anterior interventricular branch
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the thorax region, chest cavity, and lungs. It explores the anatomy and structure of the thoracic cage and its components.
