O Level Physics Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a watt?

A unit of force

A measure of temperature

The power of a device to convert 1 joule of energy from one form to another in 1 second (correct)

The energy required to move an object

What is the rate of doing work referred to as?

Power

What is power in terms of energy?

It is the rate of transfer of energy.

What does a quicker response measure in thermometry?

How quickly the thermometer registers changes in temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What does sensitivity in thermometry measure?

The amount of change in thermometric property. Signup and view all the answers

What does linearity in thermometry refer to?

When a thermometer changes by equal amounts for the same rise in temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is range in thermometry?

The minimum and maximum temperatures that the thermometer can measure. Signup and view all the answers

What is conduction?

The flow of heat through matter without movement of matter as a whole. Signup and view all the answers

What is convection?

The flow of heat through a fluid by movement of the fluid itself. Signup and view all the answers

What is radiation?

The flow of heat by means of electromagnetic waves. Signup and view all the answers

What is evaporation?

The process by which liquid molecules which possess sufficient energy overcome the attractive forces and escape from the surface. Signup and view all the answers

What does Boyle's Law state?

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is heat capacity?

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of the whole substance by 1°C/K. Signup and view all the answers

What is specific heat capacity?

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of unit mass of that substance by 1°C/K. Signup and view all the answers

What is melting?

The process during which a solid changes to a liquid without change in temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is boiling?

The process during which a liquid changes to a gas without any change in temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is solidification?

The process during which a liquid changes to a solid without any change in temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is condensation?

The process during which a gas changes to a liquid without any change in temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

The amount of heat energy required to convert unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid without change in temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?

The amount of heat needed to change unit mass of a substance from liquid to gaseous state without change in temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What does the pressure law state?

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical quantity?

A quantity which can be measured. Signup and view all the answers

What is a scalar quantity?

A quantity which is fully described by a magnitude and a unit. Signup and view all the answers

What is a vector quantity?

A quantity which is fully described by a magnitude, a unit, and a direction. Signup and view all the answers

What is displacement?

The distance measured from a fixed point. Signup and view all the answers

What is speed?

The distance travelled per unit time. Signup and view all the answers

What is velocity?

The rate of change of displacement. Signup and view all the answers

What is acceleration?

The rate of change of velocity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a gravitational field?

A region in space where a body experiences a gravitational force of attraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is gravitational field strength?

The gravitational force acting per unit mass at a point. Signup and view all the answers

What is weight?

The gravitational force of attraction acting on a body. Signup and view all the answers

What is mass?

A measure of the amount of substance in a body. Signup and view all the answers

What is density?

Mass per unit volume. Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's 3rd law of motion state?

If body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts an equal force of the same nature but in the opposite direction on body A. Signup and view all the answers

What is terminal velocity?

The final constant velocity reached by a falling body when the air resistance force becomes equal but opposite to the weight of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is thinking distance?

The distance moved forward by the car during the time interval that the hazard is seen and the driver applies the brake. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Power and Energy

Watt: Defined as the power to convert 1 joule of energy per second.
Power: Refers to the rate of doing work or the rate of energy transfer.

Thermometry Concepts

Quicker Response: Measures how fast a thermometer registers temperature changes.
Sensitivity: Indicates the change in a thermometric property in response to temperature variations.
Linearity: Ensures equal thermometric changes correspond to equal temperature rises.
Range: Denotes the minimum and maximum temperatures measurable by a thermometer.

Heat Transfer Mechanisms

Conduction: Heat transfer through matter without overall movement of the material.
Convection: Heat transfer in fluids caused by the movement of the fluid itself.
Radiation: Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves.

Phase Changes and Latent Heat

Evaporation: Liquid molecules escaping from the surface due to sufficient energy overcoming intermolecular attractive forces.
Melting: Solid to liquid phase change occurring at constant temperature.
Boiling: Liquid to gas phase change occurring at constant temperature.
Solidification: Liquid to solid phase transition at constant temperature.
Condensation: Gas to liquid phase change occurring without temperature change.
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion: Heat needed to change unit mass from solid to liquid at constant temperature.
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation: Heat needed to change unit mass from liquid to gas at constant temperature.

Gas Laws and Physical Quantities

Boyle's Law: Pressure inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature.
Pressure Law: Pressure directly proportional to absolute temperature for fixed mass at constant volume.

Quality of Measurements

Physical Quantity: Any measurable quantity.
Scalar Quantity: Described fully by magnitude and unit alone.
Vector Quantity: Described by magnitude, unit, and direction.

Motion and Forces

Displacement: Distance measured from a fixed point.
Speed: Distance traveled per unit of time.
Velocity: Rate of change of displacement.
Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity.
Gravitational Field: Area in space where gravitational forces act on bodies.
Gravitational Field Strength: Gravitational force per unit mass at a point.
Weight: Gravitational force acting on an object.
Mass: Amount of substance in a body, independent of gravity.
Density: Mass per unit volume of a substance.

Newton's Laws and Motion

Newton's 3rd Law of Motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction between two bodies.
Terminal Velocity: Constant velocity reached by a falling object when air resistance equals its weight.
Thinking Distance: Distance a car travels from seeing a hazard to the driver applying brakes.

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Test your knowledge on key physics terms with these O level flashcards. Each card defines essential concepts like power and thermometry, assisting in your understanding of energy transfer and measurements. Perfect for quick reviews before exams!